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Study participant characteristics.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Sex (male:female) | 56:54 |
| Age (years) | 66.2 (35–80) |
| Primary tumor stage (T1-3:T4) | 24:86 |
| Nodal involvement (N0:N1-3) | 27:83 |
| Distant metastasis (M0:M1) | 22:88 |
| Serum levels of CEA (<5.0:>5.0) | 36:74 |
Groups were balanced on sex, age. But, participants were fairly balanced on tumor node metastasis classification. CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen.
