Table 1.

List of the 40 Arundinarieae species sampled in this study, with flowering cycle data

Taxon	Lineage	Flowering period (Years)	Reference
Bergbambos tessellata	I	~45	[67]
Oldeania alpina	II	40	[68]
Oldeania humbertii	II	+	[19]
Oldeania ibityensis	II	+	[19]
Oldeania itremoensis	II	+	Field observation
Oldeania cf. madagascariensis	II	+	[19]
Ampelocalamus actinotrichus	III	+	[20]
Chimonocalamus longiusculus	III	+	[20]
Ferrocalamus rimosivaginus	IV	–	[20]
Gelidocalamus tessellatus	IV	+	[20]
Sasa longiligulata	IV	–	[20]
Shibataea chiangshanensis	IV	–	[20]
Bashania faberi	V	50–60	[69]
Bashania fargesii	V	70–75	[70]
Chimonobambusa tumidissinoda	V	+	[20]
Fargesia nitida	V	109 ~100	[71] [19]
Fargesia spathacea	V	+	[20]
Fargesia yunnanensis	V	+	[20]
Indocalamus longiauritus	V	+	[20]
Phyllostachys edulis	V	67	[72] [73]
Phyllostachys nigra	V	59–63	[18]
Phyllostachys propinqua	V	–	[20]
Phyllostachys sulphurea	V	>60 or 100	[18]
Yushania levigata	V	+	[20]
Acidosasa purpurea	VI	+	[20]
Arundinaria appalachiana	VI	+	[74]
Arundinaria gigantea	VI	20–25	[74]
Arundinaria tecta	VI	4–7?	[74]
Indosasa shibataeoides	VI	+	[20]
Indosasa sinica	VI	+	[20]
Oligostachyum shiuyingianum	VI	+	[20]
Pleioblastus maculatus	VI	+	[20]
Pseudosasa cantorii	VI	+	[20]
Pseudosasa japonica	VI	19	[75]
Thamnocalamus spathiflorus	VII	10	[18]
Indocalamus wilsonii	VII	+	[20]
Gaoligongshania megalothyrsa	IX	78	[76]
Indocalamus sinicus	X	+	[20]
Ampelocalamus calcareus	XI	+	Field observation
Kuruna debilis	XII	1 ≤5	[77] [78]

NOTE.—‘+’ denotes species with flowering recorded but without a reliably documented flowering cycle. ‘-’ denotes the species where flowering has never been recorded. Taxa in bold were newly sequenced in this study