Table 2. Natural enemy and pest communities and taxa defined for this study.
IOBC (International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms) ratings for representative members of each beneficial group are included, as well as which target pests are registered for the respective chemical use in Australia. An empty cell indicates no available information. IOBC ratings for the natural enemies are taken for a representative from that grouping. IOBC toxicity ratings are on a 4 point scale (1 “harmless” <25% mortality to 4 “very harmful” >75%). The registration for pests is taken from the chemical labels for the respective pesticides (Lorsban (chlorpyrifos), Dow Chemicals, APVMA Approval No: 32887/56655; Supracide (methidathion), Syngenta, APVMA Approval No: 33041/5). Registration is marked (Y)es if the target pest is included for grains crops, if there is registration for a target pest outside of grains, it is included in parentheses.
| Natural enemies | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | Includes | IOBC— Chlorpyrifos | IOBC— Methidathion | Total |
| lacewings | Micromus tasmaniae | 4 | 4 | 61 |
| carabids | Coleoptera: Carabidae | 2–4 | 413 | |
| staphylinids | Coleoptera: Staphylinidae | 3–4 | 414 | |
| ladybirds | Coleoptera: Coccinellidae | 3–4 | 14 | |
| wasps | all hymenopteran parasitoids | 1&4 | 144 | |
| predatory bugs | predatory bugs, e.g., assassin bugs | 4 | 3 | 96 |
| spider1 | hunting spiders (Lycosidae, Miturgidae, Lamponidae) | 3 | 493 | |
| spider2 | web-building spiders and harvestmen (Linyphiidae, Opiliones) | 3 | 182 | |
| spider3 | sac-spiders (Clubionidae, Gnaphosidae, Corinnidae) | 96 | ||
| salticids | jumping spiders (Salticidae) | 18 | ||
| predatory mites | snout mites, mesotig mites, trombididae mites | 4 | 225 | |
| syrphids | hoverflies | 70 | ||
| centipedes | all centipedes | 7 | ||