TABLE 2.

Factors associated with increased risk of human infection with B. pilosicoli

Risk factor
Contamination of drinking-water supply with human or animal feces
Bathing in contaminated water (lakes, ponds)
Living in rural or peri-urban villages in developing countries
Living in rural Australian Aboriginal communities
Recent migration or travel from a developing country
Crowding and poor socioeconomic environment
Male homosexuality (men having sex with men)
HIV+ status
Coinfection with B. aalborgi and/or intestinal protozoa
Contact with animals?
For spirochetemia, debilitation and immunosuppression