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. 2017 Oct 26;67(1):110–119. doi: 10.2337/db17-0728

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© 2017 by the American Diabetes Association.

Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. More information is available at http://www.diabetesjournals.org/content/license.

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Diabetes-induced visual dysfunction is absent in REDD1-deficient mice. Visual function was assessed by virtual optomotor testing after 4 (A and B) and 8 weeks (C and D) of diabetes. SF (A and C) and CS (B and D) thresholds and were obtained in nondiabetic (ND) and diabetic (D) wild-type and REDD1-knockout (KO) mice. The CS threshold is expressed as the reciprocal value of the CS score. Values are means ± SE for two independent experiments (n = 5–7). *P < 0.05 vs. control and #P < 0.05 vs. wild-type. Graphs in C and D share the y-axis labels with A and B, respectively. c/d, cycles/degree.