Table 2: Factors associated with hospital admission for ambulatory-care-sensitive conditions*.

Variable	Rate ratio (95% CI)†
	All ages	Age ≥ 65 yr	Rural residence
Physician retention tertile
Q1 (lowest)	1.199 (1.152-1.247)	1.047 (0.968-1.133)	1.232 (1.168-1.299)
Q2	1.165 (1.126-1.204)	1.001 (0.943-1.075)	1.198 (1.135-1.265)
Q3 (highest) (reference)	1.000	1.000	1.000
Age‡	0.999 (0.998-0.999)	1.008 (1.004-1.011)	1.002 (1.001-1.003)
Income quintile
Q1 (lowest)	1.212 (1.162-1.264)	1.177 (1.084-1.277)	1.178 (1.118-1.241)
Q2	1.166 (1.121-1.214)	1.135 (1.049-1.228)	1.131 (1.076-1.188)
Q3	1.133 (1.088-1.179)	1.070 (0.989-1.159)	1.116 (1.062-1.172)
Q4	1.145 (1.101-1.190)	1.165 (1.077-1.261)	1.165 (1.110-1.221)
Q5 (highest) (reference)	1.000	1.000	1.000
Residence status
Rural	1.198 (1.157-1.365)	1.302 (1.217-1.393)	-
Urban (reference)	1.000	1.000
Charlson Comorbidity Index score
0	0.086 (0.083-0.089)	0.113 (0.104-0.123)	0.093 (0.090-0.098)
1-2	0.267 (0.258-2.276)	0.430 (0.405-0.457)	0.290 (0.279-1.303)
3-4	0.396 (0.382-0.411)	0.580 (0.549-0.614)	0.423 (0.404-0.441)
≥ 5 (reference)	1.000	1.000	1.000
High school diploma‡	0.991 (0.990-0.992)	0.990 (0.987-0.991)	0.990 (0.989-0.991)
Visible minority‡	0.993 (0.987-0.998)	0.992 (0.982-1.002)	0.981 (0.972-0.990)
Aboriginal identity‡	1.006 (1.005-1.007)	1.006 (1.003-1.009)	1.007 (1.006-1.008)
Distance to nearest acute care facility‡	0.998 (0.997-0.998)	0.998 (0.997-0.999)	0.997 (0.997-0.998)
Acute care hospital beds per 1000 residents‡	1.000 (0.990-1.010)	0.998 (0.980-1.016)	1.003 (0.992-1.014)
Family physicians per 1000 residents‡	1.363 (1.318-1.409)	1.261 (1.175-1.352)	1.346 (1.300-1.394)

Note: CI = confidence interval.

*Analysis excludes 7989 residents with missing data for 1 or more covariates (less than 1% of sample).

†Equal to the exponent of the regression coefficient and adjusted for all other variables in the table.

‡Included in continuous form in the final models.