Table 1. Composition of materials used in this study.
| Product name | Manufacturer | Composition |
|---|---|---|
| Lava Ultimate (RNC) (Resin nanoceramic block) |
3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA | 80% nanoceramic, 20% resin, silica nanomers (20 nm), zirconia nanomers (4 – 11 nm), nano group particles (0.6 – 10 µm), silane bonding agent |
| Vita Mark II (FGC) (Feldspathic block) |
Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany | Feldspathic glass ceramic |
| IPS e-max CAD (LDC) (Lithium disilicate block) |
IvoclarVivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein | Lithium disilicate crystals precipitated in glass matrix |
| Enamic (PICN) (Interpenetrating phase composite blocks) |
VitaZahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany | Acrylate polymer (14%), ceramic network (86%) |
| Scotchbond (Universal adhesive) |
3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA | MDP phosphate monomer, dimethacrylate resin, HEMA, Vitrebond copolymer, filler, ethanol, water, initiators, silane |
| Variolink N (Adhesive resin cement) |
IvoclarVivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein | Barium glass filler, dimethacrylates, dispersed silica, ytterbium trifluoride, initiators and stabilizers, pigments |
| Bisco (Ceramic etching gel) |
Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, USA | 9.5% hydrofluoric acid |