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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Heart Fail. 2017 Oct 8;19(12):1675–1685. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.913

Table 3.

Alveolar equation, related derivatives, and blood biochemistry parameters

All HFrEF HFpEF P-value
Rest N = 59 N = 32 N = 27
 VD (L) 0.24 ± 0.10 0.26 ± 0.08 0.22 ± 0.13 0.64
 V̇D (L/min) 4.0 ± 1.7 4.3 ± 1.3 3.5 ± 2.2 0.79
 VA (L) 0.29 ± 0.11 0.28 ± 0.11 0.30 ± 0.11 0.98
 V̇A (L/min) 4.64 ± 1.43 4.67 ± 1.32 4.61 ± 1.57 0.99
 PaO2 (mm Hg) 71 ± 12 71 ± 14 72 ± 11 0.99
 PAO2 (mm Hg) 96 ± 7 98 ± 8 94 ± 6 0.11
 PA-aO2 (mm Hg) 25 ± 12 26 ± 13 22 ± 11 0.54
 PA-aO2/V̇O2 (mm Hg/mL/kg/min) 9.6 ± 5.0 10.5 ± 5.7 8.5 ± 3.8 0.41
 DLO2 (mL/min/mm Hg) 12 ± 7 12 ± 8 13 ± 7 0.98
 PACO2 (mm Hg) 39 ± 4 38 ± 5 40 ± 4 0.45
 SaO2 (%) 94 ± 3 94 ± 3 95 ± 3 0.88
 pHa 7.41 ± 0.04 7.42 ± 0.04 7.39 ± 0.05 0.19
 HCO3− (mEq/L) 24.33 ± 2.52 24.23 ± 2.78 24.46 ± 2.22 0.99
 Base excess (mEq/L) −0.50 ± 2.60 −0.44 ± 2.71 −0.56 ± 2.50 0.98
Peak exercise
 VD (L) 0.38 ± 0.15* 0.43 ± 0.15* 0.31 ± 0.12* <0.01
 V̇D (L/min) 11.4 ± 4.8* 12.9 ± 4.3* 9.7 ± 4.9* <0.01
 VA (L) 0.71 ± 0.28* 0.70 ± 0.26* 0.72 ± 0.30* 0.98
 V̇A (L/min) 21 ± 7* 20 ± 6* 21 ± 7* 0.97
 PaO2 (mm Hg) 76 ± 15 78 ± 14* 74 ± 15 0.59
 PAO2 (mm Hg) 109 ± 6* 111 ± 7* 107 ± 5* 0.10
 PA-aO2 (mm Hg) 33 ± 14* 33 ± 14* 33 ± 14* 0.99
 PA-aO2/V̇O2 (mm Hg/mL/kg/min) 4.3 ± 2.7* 4.3 ± 2.6* 4.3 ± 2.9* 0.99
 DLO2 (mL/min/mm Hg) 29 ± 21* 27 ± 18* 31 ± 25* 0.81
 PACO2 (mm Hg) 35 ± 6* 34 ± 6* 37 ± 5* 0.03
 SaO2 (%) 95 ± 4 95 ± 3 94 ± 5 0.63
 pHa 7.40 ± 0.05 7.42 ± 0.04 7.38 ± 0.05 0.02
 HCO3− (mEq/L) 21.62 ± 3.23* 21.19 ± 3.75* 22.13 ± 2.47* 0.61
 Base excess (mEq/L) −3.04 ± 3.21* −3.21 ± 3.62* −2.83 ± 2.70* 0.96

Data are mean ± SD. Physiologic dead space (VD); VD ventilation (V̇D); alveolar volume (VA); alveolar ventilation (V̇A); arterial oxygen tension (PaO2); alveolar oxygen tension (PAO2); alveolar-to-arterial O2 gradient (PA-aO2); pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇O2); estimated pulmonary diffusing capacity for oxygen (DLO2); alveolar carbon dioxide tension (PACO2); arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2); arterial pH (pHa); bicarbonate (HCO3−);.

*

Within group, rest vs. peak exercise, P<0.05. Table P-values and symbols represent significance after Tukey-Kramer post-hoc testing from repeated measures ANOVA models.