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. 2017 Dec 22;7:224. doi: 10.1186/s13568-017-0523-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 6 — The anti-aging effect by UVB-induced MMP-1 production (a) and type I procollagen content (b) of arbutin, gallic acid, or gallic acid glucoside in human skin fibroblasts. The cells were pretreated with arbutin, gallic acid, or gallic acid glucoside (10 μM/mL or 10–100 μM/mL) before UVB irradiation (100 mJ/cm²) and harvested after 24 h. MMP-1 production and type 1 procollagen content were determined by using ELISA kits. Each bar represents the mean + SD (n = 5)