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. 2017 Dec 22;7:18053. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18129-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Protein expression of CD31 and SMA in different groups. CD31 and SMA were minimally expressed in MSCs and ACMs but more highly expressed in engineered corpus cavernosum and normal groups. The relative densities of CD31 and SMA normalized to native tissue revealed that the engineered tissues markedly differed from the MSCs. The results showed that a portion of the MSCs had differentiated into endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells.