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. 2017 Dec 22;7:18049. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18143-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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High glucose-induced UII synthesis contributes to GMC proliferation. (A) Mean data obtained from mouse UII ELISA showing that exposure of mouse GMCs to high glucose for 24 (n = 6 each) and 72 (n = 9 each) h increases UII production. (B,C) Western blot and mean data illustrating that exposure of mouse GMCs to high glucose for 24 and 72 h (n = 5 each) does not alter UTR protein expression. (D) Cell growth curves demonstrating GMC proliferation under normal glucose (n = 6), normal glucose + mannitol (n = 6), high glucose (n = 6) and urantide (1 µM) + high glucose (n = 6). “n” for cell proliferation assay denotes number of wells. Each time point represents four independent scans per well of the microplates. ^*P < 0.05 vs. HG (30–72 h); ^#P < 0.05 vs. HG; (32–72 h); ^$P < 0.05 vs. NG (54–72 h); ^%P < 0.05 vs. NG + mannitol (62–72 h). HG (high glucose); NG (normal glucose).