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. 2017 Dec 22;7:18058. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18444-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Raman spectra for the graphene film in which the PMMA layer was removed by acetone overnight (AO), acetic acid (AA), and e-beam treatment (ET), from top to bottom. (b) Intensity ratio of I _2D/I _G for different PMMA removal techniques. (c) AFM images for the graphene surface with different PMMA removal techniques (scale bar: 200 nm).