Table 1.
Nucleotide sequences of primers used for the identification of species, the detection of resistant genes, and genetic environments in this study.
| Classa | Target gene(s) or region | Primer name | Sequence (5′ to 3′) | References | Position in Figure 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identification | 16S rRNA | 16S-F | AGAGTTTGATYMTGGCTCAG | Mao et al., 2012 | |
| 16S-R | CCGTCAATTCMTTTRAGTTT | Lane et al., 1985 | |||
| Carbapenemase | blaIMP cluster | 10IMP-F | AAGGCGTTTATGTTCATACTTCG | Hong et al., 2015 | 1 |
| IMP-bF | TGGTAAGGCAAAACTGGTTG | This study | 5 | ||
| IMP-mR | TGATGAAGGCGTTTATGTTCA | This study | 4 | ||
| 10IMP-R | TTTAACCGCCTGCTCTAATGTAA | Hong et al., 2015 | 2 | ||
| QAC | qacG | qacG-F | GGTTATTTCTGGCTACGTCCA | This study | 7 |
| qacG-R | AGCAAGTTGAGCACAGCAAC | This study | 6 | ||
| Integron CS | IntI1 | 5CS | CTTCTAGAAAACCGAGGATGC | Jeong et al., 2003 | 3 |
| sul1 | sul1-R | GGGTTTCCGAGAAGGTGATT | Bae et al., 2007 | 10 | |
| Fluoroquinolones | aac(6′)-Ib-cr | aac(6′)-Ib-F | TGACCTTGCGATGCTCTATG | This study | 9 |
| aac(6′)-Ib-R | TTAGGCATCACTGCGTGTTC | This study | 8 | ||
| qnrA | qnrAa-F | GAACCAACCCCATGTTTGC | This study | ||
| qnrAa-R | AGTCCCGACCAGACTGCATA | This study | |||
| qnrB1 | qnrB1-F | ACCTGAGCGGCACTGAATTTA | This study | ||
| qnrB1-R | TCGCAATGTGTGAAGTTTGC | This study | |||
| qnrB4 | qnrB4-F | GATGACTCTGGCGTTAGTTGC | This study | ||
| qnrB4-R | CCATGACAGCGATACCAAGA | This study | |||
| qnrD | qnrD-F | CGAGATCAATTTACGGGGGAAT | This study | ||
| qnrD-R | TCGGTGAACAATAACACCTAAAC | This study | |||
| qnrS1 | qnrS-F | GACGTCCTAACTTGCGTGAT | This study | ||
| qnrS-R | ACTTTAGTCTGACTCTTTCAGTGATGC | This study | |||
| ESBLs; Ambler class A | blaTEM cluster | TEM-F | TCCGCTCATGAGACAATAACC | Bae et al., 2011 | |
| TEM-R | ACGCTCAGTGGAACGAAAAC | Bae et al., 2011 | |||
| blaSHV cluster | SHV-F | CGCCGGGTTATTCTTATTTG | Bae et al., 2011 | ||
| SHV-R | CCACGTTTATGGCGTTACCT | Bae et al., 2011 | |||
| blaVEB cluster | VEB-F | AAAATGCCAGAATAGGAGTAGCA | Bae et al., 2011 | ||
| VEB-R | TCCACGTTATTTTTGCAATGTC | Bae et al., 2011 | |||
| blaGES/IBC cluster | GES-F | CGCTTCATTCACGCACTATT | Bae et al., 2011 | ||
| GES-R | GTCCGTGCTCAGGATGAGTT | Bae et al., 2011 | |||
| blaCTX−M−1 cluster | CMT-M-1-F | CCGTCACGCTGTTGTTAGG | Bae et al., 2011 | ||
| CMT-M-1-R | ACGGCTTTCTGCCTTAGGTT | Bae et al., 2011 | |||
| blaCTX−M−9 cluster | CMT-M9-F | CAAAGAGAGTGCAACGGATG | Bae et al., 2011 | ||
| CMT-M9-R | CCTTCGGCGATGATTCTC | Bae et al., 2011 | |||
| blaKPC cluster | KPC-F | GTCACTGTATCGCCGTCTAGT | Hong et al., 2015 | ||
| KPC-R | TGGTGGGCCAATAGATGATT | Hong et al., 2015 | |||
| blaNMC−A/IMI cluster | IMC-F | CATTTTTCTCACAGGCCAATAC | This study | ||
| IMC-R | TGCTTGGCTTCTTTTTCGTT | This study | |||
| Ambler class B | blaVIM cluster | VIM-2F | ATCATGGCTATTGCGAGTCC | Hong et al., 2015 | |
| VIM-2R | ACGACTGAGCGATTTGTGTG | Hong et al., 2015 | |||
| Ambler class C; AmpCs | blaCMY-1 cluster | CMY-1F | GTCAGCGAGCAGACSCTGTT | This study | |
| CMY-1R | TAGTTGCGRTTGGCCAGC | This study | |||
| blaCMY−2 cluster | CMY-2F | GCAGGCYATTCCGGGTATG | This study | ||
| CMY-2R | GCYACGTAGCTGCCAAAYCC | This study | |||
| Ambler class D | blaOXA−48 cluster | OXA48-F | CAGCAAGCATTTACCAATAAT | This study | |
| OXA48-R | GGCATATCCATATTCATCGC | This study |
a
QAC, quaternary ammonium compounds; CS, Conserved segment; ESBLs, extended-spectrum β-lactamases.