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. 2017 Dec 23;16:233. doi: 10.1186/s12934-017-0849-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Principal component analysis (PCA) of Raman spectra for normal L. casei Zhang. PCA scatterplot using the PC1, PC2, and PC3 values. Raman spectra acquired at lag phase (1–4 h), log phase (8–14 h), and stationary phase (18–30 h) are represented by different symbols