Fig. 4.

Pretreatment with donepezil suppressed the TNFα-induced increase in [Ca²⁺]i in rodent microglial cells through the PI3K pathway. a, b Five representative traces showing pretreatment with 5 μM donepezil and 10 μM LY294002, a selective PI3K inhibitor, for 12 h did not inhibited the elevation of [Ca²⁺]i induced by TNFα in rat HAPI (a) and mouse primary (b) microglial cells. The inset in Fig. 5b shows pretreatment with LY294002 alone did not affect the TNFα-induced increase in [Ca²⁺]i in mouse primary microglial cells. The average trace determined from 5 representative traces of [Ca²⁺]i in response to TNFα was shown. In each panel, dotted line is the average trace of control. In each panel, bar graphs showing the amplitude of TNFα-induced increase in [Ca²⁺]i obtained 15 min after TNFα treatment in rat HAPI (a) and mouse primary (b) microglial cells (values are the mean + SEM). NS > 0.1 vs control