Fig. 5.

PLC, CaMK2, and MAPK/ERK were possibly not involved in the donepezil-induced suppression of the TNFα-mediated intracellular Ca²⁺ elevation in rodent microglial cells. a, b Five representative traces showing pretreatment with 5 μM donepezil and 10 μM PD98059, a MAP kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, for 12 h significantly suppressed the TNFα-induced intracellular Ca²⁺ elevation in rat HAPI (a) and mouse primary (b) microglial cells. The inset in Fig. 5b shows pretreatment with PD98059 alone did not affect the TNFα-induced increase in [Ca²⁺]i in mouse primary microglial cells. The average trace determined from 5 representative traces of [Ca²⁺]i in response to TNFα was shown. In each panel, dotted line is the average trace of control. c Histogram summarizing the effect of different manipulations on the amplitude of TNFα-induced increase in [Ca²⁺]i obtained 15 min after TNFα treatment in rat HAPI microglial cells (values are the mean + SEM). * < 0.05 vs control, NS > 0.01 vs control, ** < 0.05 vs Ach