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. 2017 Dec 22;14:258. doi: 10.1186/s12974-017-1033-0

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 6 — Pretreatment with donepezil suppressed the production of NO induced by TNFα in rodent microglial cells through the activation of PI3K pathway. a Ten representative traces showing the treatment of 0.1 ng/mL TNFα induced the increase in the DAF-2 fluorescence in rodent microglial cells. b Ten representative traces showing 12 h pretreatment with 5 μM donepezil suppressed the TNFα-induced increase in the DAF-2 fluorescence in rodent microglial cells. c Ten representative traces showing 12 h pretreatment with both 5 μM donepezil and 10 μM LY294002 did not suppress the TNFα-induced increase in the DAF-2 fluorescence in rodent microglial cells. Representative images (15 min after a treatment of TNFα) are shown in insets of a, b, and c. d Bar graphs showing that pretreatment with donepezil suppressed the production of NO induced by TNFα treatment and the PI3K pathway could be important for the donepezil-induced suppression of the NO production in rodent microglial cells