Table 2.
Summary of Studies and Coded Moderators
| Study name | Method of diagnosis | Sample demographic | Age group | Participant sex | N | Age
|
BMI
|
AN subtype | PD diagnostic criteria
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | Type of purging behavior | Purging frequency criterion | Body image disturbance | SBEs included | |||||||
| Allen, Byrne, Oddy, and Crosby (2013a) | Self-report | Non-treatment | Adolescent | Male and female | 1,383 | 14.01 | .19 | n.s. | Purging | ≥1×/wk | Described | n.s. | ||
| Allen, Byrne, Oddy, and Crosby (2013b) | Self-report | Non-treatment | Adolescent | Male and female | 1,383 | 14.01 | .19 | n.s. | Purging | ≥1×/wk | Described | n.s. | ||
| Binford and Le Grange (2005) | Structured interview | Specialized ED treatment | Adolescent | Male and female | 56 | 16.55 | 1.36 | Purging | ≥1×/wk | Described | n.s. | |||
| Darcy et al. (2015) | Structured interview | Specialized ED treatment | Adolescent | Female only | 114 | Not exclusive to purging | n.s. | Described | n.s. | |||||
| Davis, Holland, and Keel (2014) | Structured interview | Non-treatment | Adult | Female only | 60 | 21.12 | 5.15 | 21.82 | 2.20 | Not exclusive to purging | ≥2×/wk | Described | Allowed | |
| Eddy, Doyle, Hoste, Herzog, and Le Grange (2008) | Structured interview | Specialized ED treatment | Adolescent | Male and female | 281 | 16.00 | 2.00 | Purging | ≥2×/wk | n.s. | Allowed | |||
| Ekeroth, Clinton, Norring, and Birgegard (2013) | Structured interview | Specialized ED treatment | Adult | Female only | 2,233 | 25.70 | 7.84 | Both | Purging | n.s. | Described | Allowed | ||
| Favaro, Ferrara, and Santonastaso (2003) | Structured interview | Non-treatment | Adult | Female only | 934 | 20.9 | 2.60 | n.s. | Purging | ≥2×/wk | Described | n.s. | ||
| Fink, Smith, Gordon, Holm-Denoma, and Joiner (2009) | Structured interview | Non-treatment | Adult | Female only | 294 | 18.87 | 2.58 | n.s. | Purging | ≥2×/wk | n.s. | n.s. | ||
| Flament et al. (2015) | Self-report | Non-treatment | Adolescent | Male and female | 3,043 | 14.19 | 1.61 | n.s. | Purging | ≥1×/wk | Described | n.s. | ||
| García, Planell, Estragués, i Escursell, and Carracedo (2010) | Structured interview | Specialized ED treatment | Mixed | Female only | 73 | Not exclusive to purging | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | |||||
| Goldschmidt et al. (2016) | Structured interview | Specialized ED treatment | Adolescent | Male and female | 245 | 16.20 | 1.50 | AN-bp | Purging | ≥1×/wk | Described | Allowed | ||
| Haedt and Keel (2010) | Self-report | Non-treatment | Adult | Male and female | 2,491 | 20.00 | 1.70 | 22.07 | 2.90 | Purging | ≥1×/wk | Described | Excluded | |
| Helverskov et al. (2011) | Structured interview | Specialized ED treatment | Mixed | Male and female | 965 | 22.00 | 6.20 | n.s. | Not exclusive to purging | n.s. | Described | n.s. | ||
| Keel, Haedt, and Edler (2005) | Structured interview | Non-treatment | Adult | Female only | 111 | 25.10 | 6.00 | 21.70 | 1.60 | Purging | ≥2×/wk | Described | Allowed | |
| Keel, Mayer, and Harnden-Fischer (2001) | Structured interview | Non-treatment | Mixed | Female only | 54 | Purging | ≥2×/wk. | Described | Allowed | |||||
| Keel, Wolfe, Gravener, and Jimerson (2008) | Structured interview | Non-treatment | Adult | Female only | 119 | Purging | ≥2×/wk | Described | Allowed | |||||
| Knoph et al. (2013) | Self-report | Non-treatment | Adult | Female only | 3,534 | 30.00 | 4.70 | n.s. | Not exclusive to purging | ≥1×/wk | n.s. | n.s. | ||
| Koch, Quadflieg, and Fichter (2013) | Self-report | Specialized ED treatment | Adult | Male and female | 1,484 | AN-bp | Purging | ≥1×/wk | Described | n.s. | ||||
| Le Grange et al. (2006) | Structured interview | Mixed | Adult | Female only | 204 | 25.70 | 8.90 | Not exclusive to purging | n.s. | n.s. | Allowed | |||
| MacDonald, Trottier, McFarlane, and Olmsted (2015) | Structured interview | Specialized ED treatment | Adolescent | Male and female | 158 | 27.10 | 8.80 | 23.20 | 4.40 | Not exclusive to purging | ≥1×/wk | n.s. | Allowed | |
| Marino (2011) | Structured interview | Specialized ED treatment | Mixed | Male and female | 1,033 | AN-bp | Purging | ≥2×/wk | n.s. | n.s. | ||||
| Metzler-Brody et al. (2011) | Self-report | General psychiatric | Adult | Female only | 158 | 30.20 | 5.90 | n.s. | Not exclusive to purging | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | ||
| Nakai, Fukushima, Taniguchi, Nin, and Teramukai (2013) | Structured interview | Specialized ED treatment | Mixed | Female only | 1,029 | n.s. | Not exclusive to purging | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | ||||
| Pisetsky, Thornton, Lichtenstein, Pedersen, and Bulik (2013) | Self-report | Non-treatment | Adult | Female only | 13,035 | Both | Purging | ≥1×/wk | Described | n.s. | ||||
| Roberto, Grilo, Masheb, and White (2010) | Self-report | Non-treatment | n.s. | Female only | 234 | 34.10 | 10.20 | Not exclusive to purging | ≥1×/wk | n.s. | n.s. | |||
| Roberto, Haynos, Schwartz, Brownell, and White (2013) | Self-report | Non-treatment | Adult | Male and female | 371 | 33.20 | 12.10 | 28.82 | 8.97 | Purging | ≥1×/wk | n.s. | n.s. | |
| Rockert, Kaplan, and Olmsted (2007) | Structured interview | Specialized ED treatment | Mixed | Male and female | 1,449 | 28.49 | 8.90 | Both | Purging | ≥1×/wk | n.s. | n.s. | ||
| Smith and Crowther (2013) | Self-report | Non-treatment | Adult | Female only | 94 | 19.77 | 4.22 | 23.70 | 4.98 | Purging | ≥1×/wk | Described | Allowed | |
| Solmi, Hotopf, Hatch, Treasure, and Micali (2016) | Structured interview | Non-treatment | Mixed | Male and female | 145 | Purging | ≥2×/wk | n.s. | n.s. | |||||
| Stice, Marti, and Rohde (2013) | Structured interview | Non-treatment | Adolescent | Female only | 496 | 13.00 | n.s. | Purging | ≥1×/wk | Described | n.s. | |||
| Støving et al. (2012) | Structured interview | Specialized ED treatment | Mixed | Female only | 605 | n.s. | Purging | ≥1×/wk | n.s. | n.s. | ||||
| Tasca et al. (2012) | Structured interview | Specialized ED treatment | Adult | Female only | 1,831 | Both | Purging | ≥1×/wk | Described | n.s. | ||||
| Tobin, Griffing, and Griffing (1997) | Structured interview | Specialized ED treatment | Mixed | Male and female | 267 | AN-bp | Not exclusive to | ≥2×/wk | n.s. | n.s. | ||||
| Wade (2007) | Structured interview | Non-treatment | Mixed | Female only | 759 | 35.00 | 2.11 | Purging | ≥2×/wk | n.s. | Allowed | |||
| Wade, Bergin, Tiggemann, Bulik, and Fairburn (2006) | Structured interview | Non-treatment | Adult | Female only | 1,002 | 34.97 | 2.11 | Both | Purging | ≥2×/wk | n.s. | Allowed | ||
| Watson et al. (2013) | Self-report | Non-treatment | Adult | Female only | 1,876 | 29.90 | 4.60 | Purging | ≥1×/wk | n.s. | n.s. | |||
| Wolfe, Jimerson, Smith, and Keel (2011) | Structured interview | Non-treatment | Adult | Female only | 72 | Purging | ≥2×/wk | n.s. | n.s. | |||||
Note. ED = eating disorder; BMI = Body Mass Index; AN = Anorexia Nervosa; AN-r = AN restricting subtype; AN-bp = AN binge-purge subtype; Both = both AN-r and AN-bp subtypes included. n.s. = Not specified. Purging behavior was defined as self-induced vomiting, laxative, and/or diuretic use; non-purging behavior included other compensatory behaviors (i.e., exercise and fasting). Empty cells indicate values were not specified by the study.