Table 3.
Chi-square findings of psychiatric disorders according to problem-gambling severity and stress levels.
| Diagnosis | Low past-year stress | High past-year stress | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||||
| NG n (%) | ARG n (%) | PPG n (%) | p | NG n (%) | ARG n (%) | PPG n (%) | P | |
| Any Axis-I Disorder1 | 3081 (17.84) | 1528 (28.64) | 39 (62.29) | <0.0001 | 4962 (39.23) | 2551 (48.27) | 137 (78.67) | <0.0001 |
| Any Mood Disorder | 806 (4.39) | 276 (5.00) | 8 (9.96) | 0.1699 | 2008 (15.29) | 862 (15.01) | 60 (31.58) | 0.0017 |
| Any Anxiety Disorder | 1250 (7.01) | 526 (9.31) | 13 (24.82) | <0.0001 | 1962 (15.08) | 952 (17.67) | 52 (32.28) | 0.0002 |
| Any Substance-Use Disorder | 1589 (9.79) | 991 (19.39) | 31 (54,21) | <0.0001 | 2832 (23.62) | 1716 (34.18) | 100 (58.62) | <0.0001 |
| Any Axis-II Disorder2 | 1353 (7.52) | 669 (12.22) | 25 (40.04) | <0.0001 | 2711 (21.13) | 1415 (26.27) | 102 (60.70) | <0.0001 |
| Any Cluster-A Disorder | 578 (2.87) | 246 (4.16) | 12 (15.93) | 0.0010 | 1364 (9.73) | 641 (10.92) | 58 (33.77) | <0.0001 |
| Any Cluster-B Disorder | 265 (1.53) | 208 (3.87) | 11 (22.79) | <0.0001 | 904 (7.58) | 585 (10.99) | 57 (30.79) | <0.0001 |
| Any Cluster-C Disorder | 895 (5.15) | 386 (7.21) | 16 (20.19) | <0.0001 | 1678 (13.26) | 832(16.059 | 59 (33.26) | <0.0001 |
1
past-year
2
lifetime
NG = Gambled <5x in one year
ARG = Gambled at least 5 times in one year and reported 0–2 past-year DSM criteria (at-risk gambling)
PPG = Gambled at least 5 times in one year and reported 3–10 past-year DSM criteria (problem gambling)
Low past-year stress level = 0 or 1 event
High past-year stress level = 2 or more events