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Cell wall biosynthesis requires the penicillin-binding proteins. (a) The PBPs link lipid II subunits with transglycosylase and transpeptidase reactions. (b) Mechanism of transpeptidation; PBPs form an acyl-enzyme intermediate, resulting in cleavage of a D-Ala residue. A neighboring group intercepts this activated intermediate to yield cross-linked peptidoglycan. (c) Active site serine attacks the β-lactam ring, leading to covalent modification of the PBP.
