Table 1.

Variables coded in the test: approach, enthusiasm, and tail wagging.

Situation(s)	Variable	Definition
	Approach	When E approaches, the dog …
		0: does not approach her on its own;
		1: approaches when called;
		2: approaches hesitatingly or after a while;
		3: approaches immediately without calling.
	Enthusiasm	The dog …
(1) Greeting during first encounter		0: is not interested, avoids interacting with E (i.e., turns away or withdraws);
(2) Greeting during separation		1: behaves passively, does not elicit interaction (i.e., stays in one place, may sniff around a bit);
(3) Greeting after threatening approach		2: behaves friendly (i.e., approaches the E, may cuddle, jump or lick once);
		3: is very excited/enthusiastic with intensive searching for contact (i.e., rushes to E, cuddles, jumps up or licks her, tries to stay close and in physical contact with E).
	Tail wagging	The dog …
		0: shows no or very little tail wagging;
		1.5: wags its tail intermittently;
		3: wags its tail continuously
Separation	Stress signals	During the 1-min long separation period the dog …
		0: does not show any (detectable) stress signals;
		1: shows signs of stress, including vocalization, pacing, yawning, lip licking, salivation, stretching, self-grooming, shaking, or scratching the door
Threatening approach	Reaction to threat	Behavior shown just before the test is terminated:
		0: the dog approaches E with tail wagging or remains passive (i.e., no approach and no avoidance, may wag tail intermittently);
		1: the dog hides behind the owner or moves away from the E (with low tail and ear position) or shows signs of aggression (i.e., barking, growling, snapping, or lunging toward E).

These three variables were coded in each of the three greeting contexts, and for each context they were combined into a scale. E, experimenter.