Figure 10.

The introduction of a viral vector expressing 53aa-ANRF into the leaf leads to its necrosis. (A) Schematic representation of the crTMV-based vectors expressing ANRF (crTMV-53aa) and its substitution mutant (crTMV-53aa_mut). Act2, Arabidopsis thaliana act2 gene promoter, genes encoding replicase, movement protein (MP), ANRF (53aa and 53aa_mut) and the 3′-untranslated region are shown; nos T stands for terminator of transcription. Introns are denoted by light rectangles. (B) Amino acid sequences of 53aa-ANRF and 53aa_mut-ANRF. Amino acids playing key roles in the formation of the amphipathic helix are marked in red, the substitutions are shown in blue. (C) Image of a N. benthamiana leaf 4 days after agroinjection with crTMV-53aa (left) and crTMV-53aa_mut (right).