Table 2.

Quantitative analysis techniques for processing qualitative and quantitative data in studies of sport and physical activity.

Type of relationship	Type of data	Quantitative statistical analysis
Descriptive statistics		Measures of central tendency: Mean Median Mode
		Measures of dispersion: Variance Standard deviation Coefficient of variation
Normal statistical analysis	Quantitative data	T-test (one population) T-test for comparing means between two groups with independent data T-test for comparing means between two groups with paired data F-test for equality of variances Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA): One-way ANOVA Two-way ANOVA (with interaction)
Association	Relationship between two categorical variables	Yule's coefficient (Yule's Q) Contingency coefficient C Chi-square (χ2)
	Relationship between several categorical variables	Contingency analysis Log-linear analysis Logit analysis Logit analysis-causal Logit analysis-Markov Probit analysis Logistic regression Correspondence analysis
	Relationship between ordinal variables	Contingency tables Log-linear analysis Logit analysis Correspondence analysis Ballot analysis
	Ratios	Comparison of proportions
	Quantitative data	Pearson's correlation coefficient Simple linear regression Multiple linear regression Partial correlation
Covariance	Relationship between a naturally dichotomous variable and a continuous quantitative variable	Point-biserial correlation coefficient (rbp)
	Relationship between an artificially dichotomized variable and a continuous quantitative variable	Point-biserial correlation coefficient (rb)
	Relationship between dichotomized variables	Tetrachoric correlation (rt)
	Relationship between dichotomous variables	Correlation φ
	Relationship between ordinal variables	Spearman correlation coefficient (rS)
		Kendall rank correlation coefficient
		Kendall's W (coefficient of concordance)
	Quantitative data	Product-moment Pearson correlation Simple linear regression model Multiple linear regression model Partial correlation
Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)	Quantitative data	One-way MANOVA Two-way MANOVA (with interaction)
Statistical distances and dimension reduction	Quantitative data	Principal component analysis Calculation of number of principal components Geometric interpretation
	Qualitative data	Principal coordinate analysis (multidimensional scaling) Algorithm for calculating principal coordinates
Discriminant analysis	Quantitative data	Main classification algorithms: Discriminant analysis. Fisher linear discriminant analysis and quadratic discriminant analysis: Minimum or maximum method; Unweighted Pair-Groups Method Average (UPGMA) method. Cophenetic correlation.
Canonical correlation analysis	Quantitative data	Population canonical correlation analysis Euclidean distance and Mahalanobis distance
Sequentiality	Ordered categorical data analysis	Lag sequential analysis
		Polar coordinate analysis
		T-pattern detection (temporal patterns)
	Quantitative data	Time series analysis Spectral analysis