Table 1.

Indian/western tonal interval equivalences and frequency ratios.

Interval name	Abbreviations	Tonal interval (Western scale)	Frequency ratio
Shadja	Sa	Perfect Unison (tonic)	1
Komal Rhishabha	Re	Minor second	16/15
Shuddha Rhishabha	Re	Major second	10/9
Komal Gandhara	Ga	Minor third	6/5
Shuddha Gandhara	Ga	Major third	5/4
Madhyama	Ma	Perfect fourth	4/3
Tivra Madhyama	Ma	Tritone	45/32
Panchama	Pa	Perfect fifth	3/2
Komal Dhaivata	Dha	Minor sixth	8/5
Shuddha Dhaivata	Dha	Major sixth	5/3
Komal Nishada	Ni	Minor seventh	9/5
Shuddha Nishada	Ni	Major seventh	15/8
Shadja	Sa'	Perfect Octave	2