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. 2017 Dec 20;7:524. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00524

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Copyright © 2017 Wen, Liao, Bitoun, De, Jorgensen, Feng, Xu, Chain, Caufield, Koo and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Forty eight-hour biofilms of L. gasseri (Lg), L. fermentum (Lf), L. salivarius (Ls) and L. rhamnosus (Lr) in mono-species and dual-species with S. mutans (Sm) grown in BM plus glucose (18 mM) and sucrose (2 mM) on glass slides vertically deposited in 50 ml Falcon tubes. Data represent the average (±standard deviation in error bars) of at least three separate experiments, with ^* and # indicating statistical difference at P < 0.001 and 0.05, respectively, when compared to the respective mono-species biofilms.