Table 1. Baseline and adult characteristics of participants according to circulating hsCRP level in adulthood (n = 2,511).
| Adult hsCRP |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Low (≤ 3 mg/L) | High (< 3 mg/L) | P value | |
| (n = 2,238) | (n = 273) | ||
| Baseline | |||
| Female sex, % | 49 | 60 | 0.001 |
| Age, y | 10.6 (5.0) | 11.4 (5.1) | 0.013 |
| Parental school years, y* | 9 (8, 11.5) | 9 (8, 10.5) | 0.006 |
| Smoking prevalence, %† | 6.2 | 8.0 | 0.258 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 17.8 (2.9) | 19.0 (3.8) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 112 (12) | 115 (13) | < 0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.56 (0.31) | 1.54 (0.31) | 0.329 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.45 (0.82) | 3.40 (0.78) | 0.322 |
| TG, mmol/L | 0.59 (0.45, 0.79) | 0.64 (0.47, 0.89) | 0.007 |
| hsCRP, mg/L | 0.21 (0.11 ,0.52) | 0.44 (0.2, 0.84) | < 0.001 |
| Fruit consumption, frequency/wk# | 6.3 (6.3, 9.5) | 6.3 (6.3, 9.5) | 0.327 |
| Vegetable consumption, frequency/wk# | 6.3 (3.0, 9.5) | 6.3 (3.0, 9.5) | 0.037 |
| standardized PAI‡ | 0.02 (1.01) | −0.05 (0.94) | 0.326 |
| Adulthood | |||
| Age, y | 41.6 (5.0) | 42.4 (5.1) | 0.013 |
| Own school years, y* | 15 (12, 17) | 14 (12, 17) | 0.007 |
| Own smoking prevalence, % | 19 | 22 | 0.159 |
| Passive smoking prevalence, % | 7 | 9 | 0.194 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.8 (4.3) | 31.1 (6.6) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 119 (14) | 124 (15) | < 0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.32 (0.32) | 1.22 (0.31) | < 0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.27 (0.83) | 3.29 (0.84) | 0.770 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.05 (0.75, 1.5) | 1.36 (0.95, 1.9) | < 0.001 |
Data are mean (SD) or median (25th, 75th percentile) for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables. Participants with hsCRP levels < 10 mg/L, type 1 diabetes, chronic rheumatic disease, history of recent infection, and pregnant women, lactating women, and those using oral contraceptives were excluded from the analysis. Abbreviations: confidence interval, CI; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hsCRP; body mass index, BMI; physical activity index, PAI; blood pressure, BP; high-density lipoprotein, HDL; low-density lipoprotein, LDL; triglycerides, TG.
In childhood, parent school years was considered an indicator of socioeconomic status. In adulthood, the participant's own school years was used.
Data on childhood smoking status was collected only on those aged12 to 18 years in 1980, to maintain the sample size for these analyses, we assigned all children aged 3 to 9 years as nonsmokers.
There were two different physical activity questionnaires used for younger (3-6 years old) and older (9-18 years old) children. The calculated physical activity indices were age-standardized to allow comparison across age groups.
When examined as mean (SD), fruit consumption [6.87 (2.79) vs. 6.66 (2.93), P value = 0.254] and vegetable consumption [6.33 (2.83) vs. 5.90 (3.05), P value = 0.021] by low vs. high hsCRP levels.