Table 6.

Comparison of Complications of Approach Route.

	Approach route
	TE N=11	TG N=16	TDL N=7	TDS N=4	TJ N=4	p value†
Early complications, n (grade*)	Mediastinal emphysema, 2(moderate)	Retroperitoneal perforation, 1(moderate)	Cholangitis, 1(moderate)	Peritonitis, 1(moderate) Pancreatitis, 1(mild)	Peritonitis, 1(moderate)
Late complications, n (grade*)	0	0	0	0	0
Over all complication rate, %(n/N)	18.1(2/11)	6.2(1/16)	14.3(1/7)	50.0(2/4)	25.0(1/4)	0.489

TE: transesophageal route, TG: transgastric route, TDL: transduodenal route long position, TDS: transduodenal route short position, TJ: transjejunum route

Early adverse events : within 14 days, Late adverse events : after 14 days.

*Severity grading system in ref (12).

^†Chi-square test.