Table 4.
Summary of the therapeutic antibodies not yet approved for clinical treatments.a
| Antibody name | Molecular format | Company or Institute | Target/main characteristics | Reference/Clinical Trial Identifier |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3H1 (CEA-Vac) | Mouse IgG1 | Titan Pharmaceuticals | Anti-idiotype antibody that mimics an epitope of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) | (199)/NCT00033748 |
| 5B1 (MVT-5873) | Human IgG1 | MabVax Therapeutics | Carbohydrate determinant 19-9 (CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen sialyl-Lewis A) | (200)/NCT03118349 |
| 11D10 (TriAb) | Mouse IgG1 | Titan Pharmaceuticals | Anti-idiotype antibody that mimics a human milk fat globule membrane epitope | (201)/NCT00033748, NCT00045617 |
| A27.15 | Mouse IgG1 | University of Arizona | Anti-transferrin receptor (TfR) antibody that blocks the binding of transferrin | (202)/NCT00003082 |
| Abagovomab | Mouse IgG1 | CellControl Biomedical Laboratories; Menarini | Anti-idiotype antibody that mimics an epitope of the ovarian cancer tumor-associated antigen CA-125 | (203)/NCT00058435, NCT01959672 |
| Andecaliximab (GS-5745) | Humanized IgG4 | Gilead Sciences | Anti-matrix metalloproteinase 9 antibody that inhibits its enzymatic activity | (204, 205)/NCT02864381 |
| B-701 | Human IgG1 | BioClin Therapeutics | Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. Antagonist | (206)/NCT03123055 |
| Basiliximab (Simulect) | Chimeric mouse–human IgG1 | Novartis; Cerimon Pharmaceuticals | Interleukin-2 receptor alpha-subunit (IL-2Ralpha, IL2Ra, CD25). Antagonist | (207)/NCT00626483 |
| BMS-986148 | ADC | Bristol-Myers Squibb | Mesothelin (MSLN). Antibody conjugated to an undisclosed cytotoxic drug | (208)/NCT02341625 |
| BMS-986179 | Bristol-Myers Squibb | Bristol-Myers Squibb | Ecto-5’-nucleotidase (CD73) | (209–211)/NCT02754141 |
| BTH1704 | Humanized IgG1 | Cancer Research UK; Biothera | Mucin-1 (MUC1). Antagonist | (212)/NCT02132403 |
| Cabiralizumab (FPA008) | Humanized IgG4 | Five Prime Therapeutics; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Ono Pharmaceutical | Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R). Antagonist | (213)/NCT02526017, NCT03158272 |
| Canakinumab (ACZ885) | Fully human IgG1 | Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta, IL-1b). Antagonist | (214)/NCT02900664 |
| Carotuximab (TRC105) | Chimeric mouse-human IgG1 | Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Santen Pharmaceutical; TRACON Pharmaceuticals | Endoglin (CD105). Inhibitor | (215)/NCT03181308 |
| CC-90002 | Humanized IgG | Inhibrx; Celgene Corporation | Leukocyte surface antigen CD47. Antagonist | (216)/NCT02367196 |
| CDX-1401 | Human antibody fusion protein | Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; Celldex Therapeutics Inc | Dendritic and epithelial cell receptor DEC205. Antibody linked to the tumor-associated antigen NY-ESO-1 | (217)/NCT02129075, NCT02495636 |
| Cergutuzumab amunaleukin (CEA-IL2v, RG7813) | Immunocytokine | Roche | CEA. Antibody fused to a single IL-2 variant moiety with abolished CD25 binding | (218)/NCT02350673 |
| CJM112 | Fully human IgG1 | Novartis | Interleukin-17A (IL-17, IL-17A). Antagonist | (219)/NCT03111992, NCT02900664 |
| Conatumumab (AMG 655) | Fully human IgG1 | Amgen; Takeda | Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2, DR5). Agonist | (220)/NCT01327612 |
| Darleukin (L19-IL2) | Immunocytokine, fusion protein | Philogen; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals | Extra-domain B domain of fibronectin. A human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody fragment fused to interleukin-2 (IL-2) | (221)/NCT02076633 |
| Demcizumab (OMP-21M18) | Humanized IgG2 | OncoMed Pharmaceuticals | Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4). antagonist | (222)/NCT02722954 |
| Drozitumab (PRO95780) | Fully human, IgG1 | Genentech | TRAIL-R2 (DR5). Agonist | (223)/NCT00851136 |
| E2.3 | Mouse IgG1 | Salk Institute | Anti-TfR antibody that blocks the binding of transferrin to the receptor | (202, 224)/NCT00003082 |
| Emactuzumab (RO5509554) | Humanized IgG1 | Roche | CSF1R (CD115). Antagonist | (225)/NCT02760797 |
| EMD 525797 (DI17E6) | Humanized IgG2 | EMD Serono; Merck Serono | Integrin alpha-V subunit (CD51). Antagonist | (226)/NCT01008475 |
| Emibetuzumab (LY2875358) | Humanized IgG4 | Eli Lilly | c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase (c-MET; MET; hepatocyte growth factor receptor; c-Met proto-oncogene) | (227)/NCT02082210 |
| Epratuzumab (AMG 412) | Humanized IgG1 | Immunomedics | Anti-CD22 antibody that mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) | (228)/NCT00941928 |
| Ficlatuzumab (AV-299, SCH 900105) | Human IgG1 | AVEO Pharmaceuticals | Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Inhibitor | (229)/NCT02277197 |
| Ganitumab (AMG 479) | Fully human IgG1 | Amgen; NantWorks; Takeda | Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. Antagonist | (230)/NCT00788957, NCT01327612 |
| GD2Bi-aATC (Hu3F8Bi-armed ATC) | Humanized bispecific | National Cancer Institute; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute | CD3 and disialoganglioside GD2 | (231, 232)/NCT02173093 |
| Imalumab (BAX69) | Fully human | Cytokine PharmaSciences; Shire | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Inhibitor | (233)/NCT02448810 |
| IMC-CS4 (LY3022855) | Human IgG1 | ImClone Systems | CSF1R (C-FMS; CD115) | (234)/NCT03153410 |
| Intetumumab (CNTO 95) | Fully human IgG1 | Centocor; BeiGene | Anti-Integrin alpha-V subunit (CD51) antibody that blocks both alpha-v beta-3 and alpha-v beta-5 integrins | (235)/NCT00888043 |
| Lirilumab | Humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) IgG4 | Bristol-Myers Squibb | KIR (killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors) | (236)/NCT01714739 |
| m170 | Mouse IgG1 | University of California, Davis | MUC1 | (237)/NCT00009750 |
| MEDI3617 | Human IgG1 | MedImmune | Angiopoietin 2. Antagonist | (238)/NCT01248949, NCT02141542 |
| Milatuzumab (hLL1) | Humanized IgG1 | Immunomedics | CD74 | (239)/NCT00989586 |
| Mirvetuximab soravtansine (IMGN853) | Chimeric mouse-human, ADC | ImmunoGen | Folate receptor 1. Antibody conjugated to the maytansinoid DM4 (N2′-Deacetyl-N2′-(4-mercapto-4-methyl-1-oxopentyl)-maytansine) | (240)/NCT02606305 |
| MM-111 | Human bispecific | Merrimack Pharmaceuticals | ErbB receptors ErbB2 and ErbB3. Inhibitor | (241)/NCT01097460 |
| MNRP1685A | Fully human IgG1 | Genentech; Roche | Neuropilin-1. Inhibitor | (242)/NCT00954642 |
| MOXR0916 | Humanized IgG1 | Genentech | OX40. Antagonist | (243)/NCT02410512 |
| Navicixizumab (OMP-305B83) | Bispecific Humanized IgG2 | OncoMed Pharmaceuticals | Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF). Inhibitor | (244)/NCT03030287, NCT02298387 |
| Nimotuzumab (TheraCim hR3, BIOMAb EGFR, Theraloc) | Humanized IgG1 | Center of Molecular Immunology; CIMYM | Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Inhibitor | (245)/NCT02947386 |
| Otlertuzumab (TRU-016) | Recombinant single-chain polypeptide | Aptevo Therapeutics | CD37 Potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities |
(246)/NCT01317901 |
| Parsatuzumab (MEGF0444A) | Humanized IgG1 | Genentech | Epidermal growth factor-like domain 7. Inhibitor | (247)/NCT01399684 |
| PD-0360324 | Humanized IgG2 | Pfizer | Cytokine CSF1 (CSF-1, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, M-CSF). Inhibitor | (248)/NCT02554812 |
| PDR001 | Humanized IgG4 | Novartis | Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Inhibitor | (13)/NCT02900664, NCT03111992 |
| PF-04518600 | Fully human IgG2 | Pfizer | OX40. Agonist | (249)/NCT02554812 |
| Pidilizumab (CT-011, MDV9300) | Humanized IgG1 | CureTech; Medivation | PD-1, Inhibitor | (250); NCT01067287 |
| Relatlimab BMS-986016 | Human mAb IgG4 | Bristol-Myers Squibb | LAG-3 (human lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein) Potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities |
(251)/NCT01968109, NCT02061761 |
| Rilotumumab (AMG102) | Fully human IgG2 | Amgen | Human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF, c-Met). Inhibitor | (252)/NCT00788957 |
| RO6958688 | Bispecific | Roche | CD3 and CEA. Inhibitor | (253, 254)/NCT02650713 |
| RO7009789 (CP-870,893) | Fully human IgG2 | Roche | CD40. Agonist | (255)/NCT02665416, NCT02760797 |
| Rovalpituzumab tesirine (SC16LD6.5) | Humanized ADC | Stemcentrx | Delta-like protein 3 (DLL3). Antibody conjugated to tesirine, a pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer | (256)/NCT03026166 |
| SGN-LIV1A | Humanized ADC | Seattle Genetics | Zinc transporter LIV-1 (SLC39A6). Antibody conjugated to maleimidocaproylvaline-citrulline-p-aminobenzyloxycarbonyl-MMAE (vcMMAE) | (257)/NCT01969643 |
| SS1 (dsFv) PE38 (CAT-5001) | Immunotoxin | National Institutes of Health (USA) | MSLN. Single-chain antibody linked to Pseudomonas exotoxin PE-38 | (258)/NCT01051934 |
| Tigatuzumab (CS-1008) | Humanized IgG1 | Daiichi Sankyo Company; University of Alabama at Birmingham | TRAIL-R2 (DR5). Agonist | (259, 260)/NCT01307891 |
| Urelumab (BMS-663513) | Fully human IgG4 mAb | Bristol-Myers Squibb | Anti-CD137 Potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities |
(261)/NCT01471210, NCT01775631, NCT02110082, NCT02253992 |
| Utomilumab (PF-05082566) | Human IgG2 | Pfizer | CD137 (4-1BB). Agonist | (262)/NCT02554812 |
| Vanucizumab (RG7221) | Bispecific Humanized |
Roche | Angiopoietin 2 (ANG2, ANGPT2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Inhibitor | (263)/NCT01688206, NCT02665416, NCT02715531 |
| Varlilumab (CDX-1127) | Fully human IgG1 | Celldex Therapeutics | CD27. Agonistic. | (16)/NCT02410512 |
| Veltuzumab (IMMU-106, hA20) | Humanized | Immunomedics | Anti-CD20 antibody that triggers complement-dependent cell lysis and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) | (264)/NCT00989586 |
| VGX-100 | Fully human IgG1 | Circadian Technologies Limited | Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C or Flt4 ligand). Inhibitor | (265)/NCT01514123 |
aOnly clinical trials included in this review.