Table 1.

Panel A: Summary Statistics by Wealth Disparity		Ethiopia				India (AP & TG)b				Peru				Vietnam
		Bottom Quartile		Top Quartile		Bottom Quartile		Top Quartile		Bottom Quartile		Top Quartile		Bottom Quartile		Top Quartile
	Variables	mean	sd	mean	sd	mean	sd	mean	sd	mean	sd	mean	sd	mean	sd	mean	sd
Disparities	Wealth Index	0.05	0.04	0.48***	0.09	0.16	0.06	0.68***	0.08	0.21	0.06	0.70***	0.05	0.19	0.08	0.72***	0.10
	Average Parental Schoolinga	1.32	1.47	5.38***	2.69	1.77	2.22	6.34***	2.65	4.37	2.08	7.84***	1.40	3.59	1.87	6.81***	1.61
Outcomes	Age & language standardized PPVT score age 5	-0.42	0.69	0.43***	0.97	-0.19	0.87	0.51***	1.23	-0.59	0.84	0.65***	0.88	-0.40	0.75	0.56***	1.11
	Age & language standardized PPVT score age 8	-0.53	0.70	0.61***	0.94	-0.30	0.78	0.55***	1.17	-0.50	0.98	0.64***	0.76	-0.28	0.79	0.43***	1.07
	Age & language standardized PPVT score age 12	-0.41	0.87	0.69***	0.50	-0.25	0.91	0.45***	0.75	-0.37	0.84	0.69***	0.76	-0.02	0.87	0.34***	0.69
	Height-for-age z-score age 1 (adjusted)	-2.29	1.78	-1.26***	1.61	-1.65	1.47	-1.01***	1.28	-1.53	1.21	-0.72***	1.21	-1.42	1.33	-0.71***	1.12
	Height-for-age z-score age 5	-1.71	1.05	-0.98***	0.98	-1.88	0.96	-1.29***	0.98	-1.91	0.98	-0.88***	0.97	-1.55	0.95	-0.75***	1.04
	Height-for-age z-score age 8	-1.31	0.97	-0.74***	0.97	-1.69	1.19	-1.04***	1.11	-1.46	0.98	-0.57***	0.96	-1.32	0.96	-0.54***	1.09
	Height-for-age z-score age 12	-1.65	0.92	-01***	1.00	-1.75	0.92	-0.97***	1.06	-1.32	1.00	-0.44***	0.98	-1.25	1.01	-0.43***	1.10
Mother Variables	Mother Speaks Local Language Fluently	0.82	0.38	0.81	0.39	0.31	0.46	0.59***	0.49	0.11	0.32	0.08*	0.27	0.87	0.33	0.99***	0.09
	Mother's Age	28.33	6.78	26.89***	6.18	23.51	4.49	23.94	4.03	26.45	6.88	27.05	6.33	25.87	5.51	29.19***	5.78
	Mother's Height (cm)	157.69	5.95	159.49***	6.49	150.75	5.62	152.03***	5.21	149.06	5.70	151.99***	5.47	152.00	5.74	152.69*	5.49
	N	336		351		397		403		386		401		378		388

Panel B: Summary Statistics by Parental Schooling Disparity		Ethiopia				India (AP & TG)b				Peru				Vietnam
		Bottom Quartile		Top Quartile		Bottom Quartile		Top Quartile		Bottom Quartile		Top Quartile		Bottom Quartile		Top Quartile
	Variables	mean	sd	mean	sd	mean	sd	mean	sd	mean	sd	mean	sd	mean	sd	mean	sd
Disparities	Wealth Index	0.16	0.11	0.42***	0.15	0.29	0.15	0.58***	0.18	0.29	0.14	0.59***	0.15	0.30	0.18	0.63***	0.18
	Average Parental Schoolinga	0.00	0.00	6.8***	1.23	0.00	0.00	7.92***	0.82	2.91	1.05	8.77***	0.25	2.71	1.21	7.62***	0.89
Standardized Outcomes	Age & language standardized PPVT score age 5	-0.30	0.81	0.49***	1.07	-0.37	0.64	0.56***	1.26	-0.60	0.81	0.67***	0.90	-0.42	0.76	0.51***	1.18
	Age & language standardized PPVT score age 8	-0.34	0.85	0.61***	0.94	-0.27	0.81	0.54***	1.13	-0.57	1.01	0.70***	0.74	-0.36	0.74	0.49***	1.06
	Age & language standardized PPVT score age 12	-0.29	0.95	0.66***	0.57	-0.31	0.94	0.53***	0.74	-0.43	0.86	0.76***	0.82	-0.12	0.90	0.36***	0.68
	Height-for-age z-score age 1 (adjusted)	-2.09	1.87	-1.26***	1.62	-1.71	1.60	-0.99***	1.47	-1.66	1.20	-0.8***	1.16	-1.44	1.19	-0.79***	1.23
	Height-for-age z-score age 5	-1.66	1.02	-0.94***	1.05	-1.94	0.88	-1.30***	1.03	-1.99	1.00	-0.89***	0.98	-1.56	0.90	-0.84***	1.03
	Height-for-age z-score age 8	-1.30	1.05	-0.76***	0.99	-1.75	0.95	-1.03***	1.10	-1.51	0.94	-0.58***	0.92	-1.31	1.00	-0.62***	1.06
	Height-for-age z-score age 12	-1.63	0.87	-1.02***	1.01	-1.76	0.95	-1.03***	1.06	-1.41	0.97	-0.44***	1.01	-1.25	1.03	-0.49***	1.11
Mother Variables	Mother Speaks Local Language Fluently	0.88	0.33	0.82**	0.39	0.29	0.45	0.63***	0.48	0.09	0.29	0.09	0.29	0.88	0.33	0.99***	0.09
	Mother's Age	29.24	7.31	26.03***	5.48	24.32	5.03	23.41***	3.40	28.50	7.63	27.49**	5.82	26.17	6.11	29.35***	5.36
	Mother's Height (cm)	158.44	5.64	159.11	6.66	150.85	5.61	152.52***	5.31	148.36	5.66	152.55***	5.16	151.78	5.70	152.81***	5.57
	N	332		344		406		430		405		371		403		420

Means of the Top Quartile and Bottom Quartile are significantly different at *10% **5% ***1%

Mother ethnicity indicators not listed.

^aLevels are from 0 - 8: (0) no education (1) incomeplete lower primary (2) complete lower primary….(8) complete upper secondary.

^bAndhra Pradesh and Telangana.