Figure 2.

Loadings bar chart of OPLS of isolation test variables versus maternal care PCA score. Positive loadings (upward pointing bars) indicate the puppy behaviours that are positively associated with maternal care score, and negative loadings (downward pointing bars) indicate the puppy behaviours that are negatively associated with maternal care score. Height of bars is an index of the strength of that association. However, the chart should be viewed and interpreted as a pattern. Whiskers indicate 95% confidence interval. Legend: standing (Standing), paw lift (Paw lifting), howling (Howling), body shak (Body shaking), contact encl (In contact with the enclosure), whin/yelp (Whining/Yelping), growling (Growling), locom (Locomotion), orientated encl (Behaviours orientated to the enclosure), 1st yelp latency (Latency to the first yelp/whine), barking (Barking), explor (Exploration), sitting (Sitting), other (Other behaviours), urin/defec (Urination and/or defecation), nose lick (Nose licking), lying (Lying), yawn (Yawn).