Table 1.
Selected patents related to biotoxins produced by dinoflagellates and potential therapeutic uses.
| Patent Name/Application | Biotoxin Used | Year | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10′,11′-modified saxitoxins useful for treatment of pain | Modified saxitoxin | 2017 | US20170029431 |
| Use of sodium channel blockers for treatment of neuropathic pain developing as consequence of chemotherapy | Tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin (analogues and derivatives) | 2017 | US20170000797 |
| Ladder-frame polyether conjugates | Brevetoxin, maitotoxin, yessotoxin, gambierol | 2016 | US20160128321 |
| Sodium channel blocker for treatment of loss of superficial sensitivity | Gonyautoxin | 2016 | US20160000793 |
| Palytoxyn, medical use and process for its isolation | Palytoxin | 2014 | EP3087172 |
| Neosaxitoxin combination formulations for prolonged local anesthesia | Neosaxitoxin | 2014 | WO2014145580 |
| Treatment of loss of sense of touch with saxitoxin derivatives | Saxitoxin | 2014 | EP2533785 |
| Using yessotoxin and its derivatives for treatment of gliomas | Yessotoxin and derivatives | 2013 | ES2393696 |
| Use of yessotoxin and analogues and derivatives thereof for treating and/or preventing neurodegenerative diseases linked to tau and beta amyloid | Yessotoxin (analogues and derivatives) | 2013 | US20130035302 |
| Use of gambierol for treating and/or preventing neurodegenerative diseases related to tau and beta-amyloid | Gambierol | 2012 | US20120283321 |
| Use of yessotoxins and derivatives thereof for treatment and/or prevention of metabolic diseases | Yessotoxin and derivatives | 2012 | WO2012140298 |
| Use of gymnodimine, analogues and derivatives for treatment and/or prevention of neurodegenerative diseases associated with tau and beta-amyloid | Gymnodimine (analogues and derivatives) | 2012 | US20120245223 |
| Therapeutic use of yessotoxin as human tumor cell growth inhibitor | Yessotoxin | 2011 | EP1875906 |
| Methods and compositions for studying, imaging, and treating pain | Saxitoxin, gonyautoxin and other analogues | 2011 | WO2010129864 |
| Use of sodium ion channel blocker in treating biology drug resistance of antibiotic | Tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin | 2009 | CN101450056 |
| Polyether brevetoxin derivatives as treatment for cystic fibrosis, mucociliary dysfunction, and pulmonary diseases | Brevetoxins and derivatives | 2008 | US7399782 |
| Use of sodium channel blockers for treatment of preterm labor | Tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin (analogues and derivatives) | 2007 | WO2007096170 |
| Polyether brevetoxin derivatives as treatment for neurotoxic shellfish poisoning and ciguatera fish poisoning | Brevetoxin and derivatives | 2005 | WO2005027903 |
| Methods of treating wounds with gonyautoxins | Gonyautoxin | 2005 | WO2005110275 |
| Dinoflagellate karlotoxins, methods of isolation and uses thereof | Karlotoxin | 2005 | US2005/0209104 |
| Use of yessotoxin in treatment of allergic and asthmatic processes | Yessotoxin | 2003 | EP1875907 |