Table 1.
Baseline characteristics among all patients according to PPI use before and after PSM
| Parameters | Before PSM | After PSM | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPI (n = 2142) | No PPI (n = 5726) | Statistics | P | PPI (n = 1966) | No PPI (n = 1966) | Statistics | P | |
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Gender (female) | 527 (24.6) | 1145 (20.0) | 19.768* | <0.001 | 485 (24.7) | 447 (22.7) | 2.031* | 0.154 |
| Age (years) | 60.2 ± 10.6 | 57.7 ± 10.3 | −9.402† | <0.001 | 60.2 ± 10.5 | 60.8 ± 9.9 | 1.908† | 0.057 |
| Past medical history | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 1362 (63.6) | 3653 (63.8) | 0.030* | 0.862 | 1259 (64.0) | 1286 (65.4) | 0.812* | 0.368 |
| Dyslipidemia | 1417 (66.2) | 3870 (67.6) | 1.453* | 0.228 | 1316 (66.9) | 1409 (71.7) | 10.340* | 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 615 (28.7) | 1773 (31.0) | 3.742* | 0.053 | 571 (29.0) | 595 (30.3) | 0.702* | 0.402 |
| PAD | 66 (3.1) | 137 (2.4) | 2.941* | 0.086 | 63 (3.2) | 71 (3.6) | 0.494* | 0.482 |
| Prior CVD | 289 (13.5) | 570 (10.0) | 20.057* | <0.001 | 261 (13.3) | 260 (13.2) | 0.002* | 0.962 |
| Prior MI | 430 (20.1) | 1586 (27.7) | 47.539* | <0.001 | 404 (20.5) | 666 (33.9) | 88.138* | <0.001 |
| Prior PCI | 591 (27.6) | 1653 (28.9) | 1.248* | 0.264 | 500 (25.4) | 960 (48.8) | 230.530* | <0.001 |
| Prior CABG | 85 (3.9) | 276 (4.8) | 2.883* | 0.090 | 81 (4.1) | 152 (7.7) | 22.998* | <0.001 |
| Admission features | ||||||||
| Acute MI | 598 (27.9) | 1224 (21.4) | 37.488* | <0.001 | 486 (24.7) | 432 (22.0) | 4.144* | 0.042 |
| LVEF, % | 61.5 ± 7.9 | 62.2 ± 7.6 | 3.360† | 0.001 | 62.0 ± 7.7 | 61.6 ± 7.9 | −1.623† | 0.105 |
| Killip class ≥2 | 45 (2.1) | 72 (1.3) | 7.570* | 0.006 | 30 (1.5) | 37 (1.9) | 0.744* | 0.388 |
| SAP (mmHg) | 126.1 ± 17.5 | 126.3 ± 16.8 | 0.346† | 0.729 | 126.3 ± 17.4 | 126.9 ± 16.5 | 1.133† | 0.257 |
| Current smoking | 1247 (58.2) | 3384 (59.1) | 0.501* | 0.479 | 1134 (57.7) | 1109 (56.4) | 0.649* | 0.421 |
| Laboratory test | ||||||||
| BNP (pg/ml) | 649.8 (480.3–912.7) | 616.6 (474.9–847.3) | −2.879‡ | 0.004 | 649.3 (479.9–649.3) | 640.2 (490.6–895.6) | −0.124‡ | 0.901 |
| eGFR (ml/min) | 88.9 ± 15.9 | 91.8 ± 15.1 | 7.209† | <0.001 | 89.2 ± 15.5 | 88.6 ± 15.6 | −1.203† | 0.229 |
| ESR (mm/h) | 7 (3–16) | 7 (3–14) | −2.780‡ | 0.005 | 7 (3–16) | 7 (3–14) | −0.383‡ | 0.702 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 141.4 ± 16.0 | 144.2 ± 15.1 | 6.970† | <0.001 | 141.4 ± 16.0 | 141.4 ± 15.3 | 0.070† | 0.944 |
| Procedural characteristics | ||||||||
| Thrombolysis | 85 (4.0) | 194 (3.4) | 1.534* | 0.215 | 79 (4.0) | 63 (3.2) | 1.870* | 0.171 |
| Syntax score | ||||||||
| 0–22 | 1871 (87.3) | 5078 (88.7) | 2.773* | 0.250 | 1726 (87.9) | 1800 (91.6) | 13.953* | 0.001 |
| 23–32 | 234 (10.9) | 555 (9.7) | 206 (10.5) | 145 (7.4) | ||||
| ≥33 | 37 (1.7) | 93 (1.6) | 31 (1.6) | 21 (1.1) | ||||
| Number of Stents | ||||||||
| 0 | 137 (6.4) | 318 (5.6) | 2.082* | 0.353 | 117 (6.0) | 121 (6.2) | 6.534* | 0.038 |
| 1 | 875 (40.8) | 2344 (40.9) | 784 (39.9) | 859 (43.7) | ||||
| ≥2 | 1130 (52.8) | 3064 (53.5) | 1065 (54.2) | 986 (50.2) | ||||
| IABP | 49 (2.3) | 74 (1.3) | 10.034* | 0.002 | 32 (1.6) | 29 (1.5) | 0.150* | 0.699 |
| Medication | ||||||||
| Warfarin | 9 (0.4) | 8 (0.1) | 5.687* | 0.017 | 4 (0.2) | 6 (0.3) | 0.401* | 0.527 |
| GPI | 360 (16.8) | 936 (16.3) | 0.240* | 0.624 | 322 (16.4) | 336 (17.1) | 0.358* | 0.550 |
Data are presented as n (%), mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). *χ2 values; †t values; ‡z value. PPI: Proton-pump inhibitors; PSM: Propensity score matching; PAD: Peripheral artery disease; CVD: Cerebrovascular disease; MI: Myocardial infarction; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG: Coronary artery bypass grafting; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; SAP: Systolic blood pressure; BNP: Brain natriuretic peptide; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; IABP: Intra-aortic balloon pump; GPI: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors; SD: Standard deviation.