Figure 2.

The effect of Lipo/GOT on MAPK phosphorylation in monocytes and macrophages.

Notes: THP1 monocytes or THP1 cells differentiated to macrophages were activated with 100 ng/mL LPS for 24 (white bars) or 48 (gray bars) hours and treated with GOT or Lipo/GOT for 2 hours prior to LPS activation. p38 (A) and JNK (B) activation in monocytes, and p38 (C), JNK (D), and ERK (E) activation in macrophages were determined by Western blot. The phosphorylation of ERK in monocytes was also assessed, but showed no activation. In these experiments, cells unstimulated with LPS served as control (considered 1) and the phosphorylated proteins were correlated with total protein expression. Cells treated with Lipo in the presence of LPS (LPS + Lipo) were used as control. Every subsection of the figure shows in the upper panel a representative image of the Western blot analysis and in the lower panel the statistical results. Results given as mean ± SE (n=3). *P<0.05 (over control); **P<0.05 over LPS activation; ^#P<0.05 over LPS + GOT.

Abbreviations: GOT, guanosine 5′-O-(2-thiodiphosphate); Lipo/GOT, GOT-encapsulated liposomes; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.