Table 2.

Genetic control of hypoxia-dependent placental adaptations.

Gene symbol	Species	Mutationa	Placental phenotype in response to hypoxia exposure	References
Prl family genes
Prl4a1	Mouse	Global-LOF	Disruption of trophoblast-vascular interactions leading to placental insufficiency and pregnancy failure	Ain et al., 2004
Prl8a2	Mouse	Global-LOF	Mesometrial vascular lesions, decreased endovascular trophoblast invasion, and pregnancy failure	Alam et al., 2007
Prl7b1	Mouse	Global-LOF	Failure of hypoxia-dependent expansion of the junctional zone	Bu et al., 2016
Other genes
Ndrg1	Mouse	Global-LOF	Fetal growth restriction and compromised pregnancies	Larkin et al., 2014
Isg15	Mouse	Global-LOF	Pregnancy failure	Henkes et al., 2015
Il10	Mouse	Global-LOF	Hypertension, kidney pathologies, and increased pregnancy failure	Lai et al., 2011
Nos3	Mouse	Global-LOF	Pregnancy failure	Rueda-Clausen et al., 2014
Comt	Mouse	Global-LOF	Fetal growth restriction	Rueda-Clausen et al., 2014
Kdm3a	Rat	Trophoblast-LOF	Disruption of hypoxia-activated endovascular trophoblast invasion	Chakraborty et al., 2016
Mmp12	Rat	Global-LOF	Disruption of hypoxia-activated endovascular trophoblast invasion	Chakraborty et al., 2016