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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 26.
Published in final edited form as: Fertil Steril. 2016 May 14;106(3):749–756.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.04.033

Table 3. Oophorectomy and cognitive performance: cross-sectional associations.

Model Unstandardized regression coefficient (SE) P value
Global cognitive function Executive function Semantic memory Logical memory Visual memory Verbal learning
I: Not considering timing
 Oophorectomy −0.2 (0.7) 0.79 −0.2 (0.4) 0.67 −0.1 (0.1) 0.54 −0.0 (0.2) 0.94 0.1 (0.2) 0.65 −0.0 (0.2) 0.95
II: Timing of last MP
 Unknown timingb 1.8 (1.5) 0.22 0.5 (0.8) 0.55 0.3 (0.3) 0.37 0.6 (0.4) 0.11 0.0 (0.4) 0.94 0.5 (0.4) 0.16
 After last MP 0.9 (1.4) 0.54 0.4 (0.7) 0.58 0.0 (0.3) 0.88 0.1 (0.4) 0.72 0.0 (0.4) 0.89 0.2 (0.4) 0.52
 Any age, before last MP −1.3 (0.9) 0.14 −0.6 (0.5) 0.21 −0.3 (0.2) 0.15 −0.3 (0.2) 0.20 0.1 (0.2) 0.57 −0.3 (0.2) 0.19
III: Age (y) of last MP
 Unknown timingb 1.8 (1.5) 0.22 0.5 (0.8) 0.55 0.3 (0.3) 0.37 0.6 (0.4) 0.11 0.0 (0.4) 0.94 0.5 (0.4) 0.16
 After last MP 0.9 (1.4) 0.54 0.4 (0.7) 0.58 0.0 (0.3) 0.88 0.1 (0.4) 0.72 0.1 (0.4) 0.89 0.2 (0.3) 0.51
 Age >45, before last MP −2.4 (1.3) 0.06 −0.9 (0.7) 0.17 −0.4 (0.3) 0.16 −0.1 (0.4) 0.29 −0.1 (0.3) 0.76 −0.7 (0.3) 0.03a
 Age ≤ 45, before last MP −0.3 (1.2) 0.80 −0.3 (0.6) 0.65 −0.2 (0.3) 0.47 −0.2 (0.3) 0.42 0.3 (0.3) 0.27 0.1 (0.3) 0.81
IV: Age (y) of last MP
 Hormone use, y −0.0 (0.0) 0.48 −0.0 (0.0) 0.88 −0.0 (0.0) 0.44 −0.0 (0.0) 0.34 0.0 (0.0) 0.59 −0.0 (0.0) 0.15
 Unknown timingb 2.0 (1.5) 0.19 0.5 (0.8) 0.54 0.3 (0.3) 0.32 0.6 (0.4) 0.09 −0.1 (0.4) 0.89 0.6 (0.4) 0.11
 After last MP 1.0 (1.4) 0.47 0.4 (0.7) 0.56 0.1 (0.3) 0.78 0.2 (0.4) 0.60 0.0 (0.4) 0.96 0.3 (0.4) 0.37
 Age >45, before last MP −2.3 (1.3) 0.06 −0.9 (0.7) 0.17 −0.4 (0.3) 0.18 −0.3 (0.3) 0.32 −0.1 (0.3) 0.73 −0.7 (0.3) 0.04a
 Age ≤ 45, before last MP −0.1 (1.3) 0.97 −0.3 (0.7) 0.70 −0.1 (0.3) 0.64 −0.2 (0.3) 0.62 0.3 (0.3) 0.37 0.2 (0.3) 0.52

Note: Model I included the effect of oophorectomy regardless of timing. Model III included the timing of oophorectomy relative to natural menopause. Model IV built on Model III by including the addition of duration of hormone use. All models were adjusted for trial, age, education, race/ethnicity, and body mass index. Oophorectomy timing in order presented in Models III and IV: bilateral oophorectomy with unknown dates or timing; bilateral oophorectomy after last menstrual period; bilateral oophorectomy that led to menopause at age >45; bilateral oophorectomy that led to menopause at age ≤45. All oophorectomy variables are relative to women with intact ovaries. MP = menstrual period; SE = standard error of the mean.

a

P<.05.

b

Of these women, 82.1% had a history of hormone therapy.