Table 4. Oophorectomy and cognitive performance: associations over time.
Model | Unstandardized regression coefficient (SE) P value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Global cognitive function | Executive function | Semantic memory | Logical memory | Visual memory | Verbal learning | |
V: Not considering timing | ||||||
Oophorectomy | −0.7 (0.4) 0.06 | −0.3 (0.2) 0.12 | −0.1 (0.1) 0.16 | 0.0 (0.2) 0.81 | −0.2 (0.1) 0.17 | −0.2 (0.1) 0.17 |
VI: Timing of last MP | ||||||
Unknown timingb | −0.6 (0.8) 0.49 | 0.1 (0.4) 0.64 | −0.2 (0.2) 0.32 | 0.3 (0.4) 0.43 | −0.1 (0.2) 0.78 | −0.3 (0.3) 0.25 |
After last MP | −0.7 (0.8) 0.34 | −0.4 (0.3) 0.21 | 0.2 (0.2) 0.24 | −0.3 (0.3) 0.34 | 0.1 (0.2) 0.74 | −0.2 (0.3) 0.55 |
Any age, before last MP | −0.7 (0.5) 0.12 | −0.4 (0.2) 0.10 | −0.2 (0.1) 0.04a | 0.1 (0.2) 0.69 | −0.3 (0.2) 0.06 | −0.1 (0.2) 0.43 |
VII: Age (y) of last MP | ||||||
Unknown timingb | −0.5 (0.8) 0.49 | 0.2 (0.4) 0.64 | −0.2 (0.2) 0.32 | 0.3 (0.4) 0.43 | −0.1 (0.2) 0.78 | −0.3 (0.3) 0.24 |
After last MP | −0.7 (0.7) 0.33 | −0.4 (0.3) 0.21 | 0.2 (0.2) 0.24 | −0.3 (0.3) 0.34 | 0.1 (0.2) 0.74 | −0.2 (0.3) 0.54 |
Age >45, before last MP | −0.4 (0.7) 0.50 | −0.4 (0.3) 0.21 | −0.0 (0.2) 0.77 | 0.2 (0.3) 0.45 | −0.6 (0.2) 0.004a | 0.0 (0.2) 0.90 |
Age <45, before last MP | −1.0 (0.6) 0.12 | −0.3 (0.2) 0.25 | −0.4 (0.2) 0.01a | −0.0 (0.3) 0.88 | 0.0 (0.2) 0.97 | −0.3 (0.2) 0.22 |
VIII: Age (y) of last MP | ||||||
Hormone use, y | 0.0 (0.0) 0.05 | 0.0 (0.0) 0.22 | 0.0 (0.0) 0.34 | 0.0 (0.0) 0.38 | 0.0 (0.0) 0.31 | 0.0 (0.0) 0.81 |
Unknown timingb | −0.7 (0.8) 0.35 | 0.1 (0.4) 0.77 | −0.2 (0.2) 0.27 | 0.2 (0.4) 0.50 | −0.1 (0.3) 0.69 | −0.3 (0.3) 0.24 |
After last MP | −1.0 (0.8) 0.20 | −0.5 (0.3) 0.15 | 0.2 (0.2) 0.33 | −0.4 (0.3) 0.26 | 0.0 (0.2) 0.88 | −0.2 (0.3) 0.53 |
Age >45, before last MP | −0.5 (0.7) 0.42 | −0.4 (0.3) 0.19 | −0.1 (0.2) 0.71 | 0.2 (0.3) 0.50 | −0.6 (0.2) 0.003a | 0.0 (0.2) 0.91 |
Age <45, before last MP | −1.4 (0.7), 0.04a | −0.4 (0.3) 0.16 | −0.5 (0.2) 0.006a | −0.1 (0.3) 0.66 | −0.1 (0.2) 0.80 | −0.3 (0.2) 0.22 |
Note: Model V included the effect of oophorectomy regardless of timing. Model VII included the timing of oophorectomy relative to natural menopause. Model VIII built on Model VII by including the addition of duration of hormone use. All models were adjusted for trial, age, education, race/ethnicity, body mass index, treatment indicator, and the baseline cognitive domain score. Oophorectomy timing in order presented in Models VII and VIII: bilateral oophorectomy with unknown dates or timing; bilateral oophorectomy after last menstrual period; bilateral oophorectomy that led to menopause at age >45; bilateral oophorectomy that led to menopause at age ≤ 45 years. All oophorectomy variables are relative to women with intact ovaries. Mean change in cognitive composite Z-scores = Z-scores from Test Administration 2 – Z-scoresfrom Test Administration 1. MP = menstrual period; SE = standard error of the mean.
P<.05.
Of these women, 82.1% had a history of hormone therapy.