Table 2.

Simulation study parameters.

Parameter specification	Variable description
$$S\sim Bernoulli\left(0.5\right)$$	Child’s sex (50% girls)
$$Z\sim Bernoulli\left(0.5\right)$$	Binary covariate (50% prevalence)
$$X\sim Normal(3+Z,1.2)$$	Continuous normally distributed log-transformed exposure dependent on $Z$, modeled after mono-n-butyl phthalate ($\text{mean}=3.5$, $\text{SD}=1.2$)
$$Y\sim Normal[\left(101.75+{(\mathrm{\beta }}_{X\left(S=0\right)}*X)+{(\mathrm{\beta }}_{X\left(S=1\right)}*X*S)+(2*S)+(5*Z*S)\right),15]$$	Continuous normally distributed outcome, modeled after the Mental Development Index ($\text{mean}=100$, $\text{SD}=15$)

Note: SD, standard deviation.