Table 4.
Sensitivity analysis: testicular germ cell tumor risk when parents have been exposed to solvents within the year before childbirth.
| Exposure | Maternal exposure | Paternal exposure | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (%) | Controls (%) | OR (95% CI)a | Cases (%) | Controls (%) | OR (95% CI)a | |
| Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents (ARHC) | ||||||
| Any of ARHC solventsb | ||||||
| Unexposed | 4,007 (98.6) | 13,567 (99.0) | 4,034 (91.9) | 13,482 (91.8) | ||
| Exposed | 56 (1.4) | 138 (1.0) | 1.53 (1.08, 2.17) | 354 (8.1) | 1,198 (8.2) | 0.98 (0.85, 1.13) |
| Benzene | ||||||
| Unexposed | 4,022 (99.0) | 13,589 (99.2) | 4,074 (92.8) | 13,638 (92.9) | ||
| Exposed | 41 (1.0) | 116 (0.8) | 1.24 (0.83, 1.85) | 314 (7.2) | 1,042 (7.1) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.15) |
| Toluene | ||||||
| Unexposed | 4,037 (99.4) | 13,642 (99.5) | 4,047 (92.2) | 13,542 (92.2) | ||
| Exposed | 26 (0.6) | 63 (0.5) | 1.67 (1.02, 2.73) | 341 (7.8) | 1,138 (7.8) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.14) |
| Chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents (CHC) | ||||||
| Any of CHC solventsc | ||||||
| Unexposed | 4,016 (98.8) | 13,568 (99.0) | 3818 (87.0) | 12,904 (87.9) | ||
| Exposed | 47 (1.2) | 137 (1.0) | 1.17 (0.83, 1.66) | 570 (13.0) | 1,776 (12.1) | 1.07 (0.95, 1.20) |
| Methylene chloride | ||||||
| Unexposed | 4,037 (99.4) | 13,646 (99.6) | 4,064 (92.6) | 13,636 (92.9) | ||
| Exposed | 26 (0.6) | 59 (0.4) | 1.54 (0.94, 2.51) | 324 (7.4) | 1,044 (7.1) | 1.03 (0.89, 1.19) |
| Perchloroethylene | ||||||
| Unexposed | 4,043 (99.5) | 13,658 (99.7) | 4,338 (98.9) | 14,532 (99.0) | ||
| Exposed | 20 (0.5) | 47 (0.3) | 1.43 (0.83, 2.45) | 50 (1.1) | 148 (1.0) | 1.02 (0.71, 1.46) |
| Trichloroethylene | ||||||
| Unexposed | 4,038 (99.4) | 13,618 (99.4) | 4,124 (94.0) | 13,873 (94.5) | ||
| Exposed | 25 (0.6) | 87 (0.6) | 0.98 (0.62, 1.54) | 264 (6.0) | 807 (5.5) | 1.10 (0.94, 1.28) |
| 1,1,1,trichloroethane | ||||||
| Unexposed | 4,022 (99.0) | 13,590 (99.2) | 3,886 (88.6) | 13,145 (89.5) | ||
| Exposed | 41 (1.0) | 115 (0.8) | 1.22 (0.84, 1.78) | 502 (11.4) | 1,535 (10.5) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.22) |
| Any solventd | ||||||
| Unexposed | 5,076 (97.6) | 16,899 (97.8) | 4,732 (86.0) | 15,975 (87.1) | ||
| Exposed | 127 (2.4) | 378 (2.2) | 1.15 (0.94, 1.42) | 773 (14.0) | 2,376 (12.9) | 1.09 (0.99, 1.19) |
Note: CI, confidence interval; , number; OR, odds ratio.
a
ORs and the corresponding 95% CIs were derived based on logistic regression analysis conditional on year and country of child’s birth, the reference category (unexposed) was the parents that were not occupationally exposed to the solvent of interest.
b
Benzene and/or toluene.
c
Methylene chloride, perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and/or 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
d
At least one of the following solvents: benzene, toluene, methylene chloride, perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane.