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. 2018 Jan 1;8(1):13–30. doi: 10.7150/thno.21089

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Effects of PMN lysates or azurocidin on stellate cells in culture: (A) By Western blotting, phosphorylation of p38 and MAPKAP2 was seen (measured after 4 h). The effect of the PMN lysates was abolished by heparin. (B) Moreover, de-phosphorylation of cofilin was seen after 24 h. (C) Down-regulation of smooth-muscle actin and up-regulation of MMP9 was detected. The MMP9 up-regulation was confirmed by a proteome profiler assay. Abbreviations: α-SMA: alpha smooth muscle actin; MMP9: matrix metalloproteinase 9; p-MAPKAP2: phosphorylated mitogen activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2; PMN: polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes.