Figure 4.
Relationship between presence/absence‐based phylogenetic turnover (ΠST) and environmental differences (with respect to topography, light, and soil characteristics) between communities, within each of the five successional stages. ΠST values are given as partial residuals after accounting for spatial distance as a covariable. R² values are given. Significant relationships (based on randomization testing) are indicated by solid lines and are only detected in the two late‐successional stages. *p ≤ .05, n.s. not significant