Figure 5.

Phylogenetic turnover, based on presence/absence data (Π_ST), at different phylogenetic depths, within the five successional stages. The lines represent, for each successional stage, fitted curves from local polynomial regression (loess, smoothing span = 0.66, polynomial degree = 1), of node age against the standardized effect size of phylogenetic turnover (Π_{ST _Stand}). Π_{ST _Stand} values were calculated as the ratio between observed to expected values of Π_ST: Π_{ST _Stand} =  (Π_{ST _obs} ‐Π_{ST _exp})/sd(Π_{ST _exp}), where Π_{ST _obs} is the observed Π_ST value at a particular node, and Π_{ST _exp} and sd(Π_{ST _exp}) are the mean and standard deviation of the expected Π_ST values from 999 partial phylogenetic tree randomizations among clades younger than that particular node. The two horizontal dashed lines indicate the 0.05 significance levels. Nonrandom and higher‐than‐expected turnover (spatial phylogenetic clustering) was only detected within the two late‐successional stages and at broad phylogenetic scales (from approximately 128–100 Myr)