Table 2.
Adjusted Odds Ratios for Intention to Work With Underserved Populations (IWUP)a Among 2010–2012 AAMC Medical School Graduation Questionnaire Respondents (n=40,846), by Demographic and Other Characteristics
| Independent variables | Model 1b aOR (95% CI) (n = 18,601)c | P value | Model 2b aOR (95% CI) (n = 18,575)c | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Women | 1.61 (1.51, 1.72) | < .001 | 1.59 (1.49, 1.70) | < .001 |
| Men | 1 | 1 | ||
| URM status | ||||
| URMd | 2.62 (2.41, 2.85) | < .001 | 2.50 (2.30, 2.72) | < .001 |
| Other minoritye | 0.94 (0.86, 1.03) | .16 | 0.95 (0.87, 1.04) | .32 |
| White | 1 | 1 | ||
| Specialty | ||||
| Primary care careerf | 1.81 (1.69, 1.93) | < .001 | 1.65 (1.54, 1.76) | < .001 |
| Specialty careerg | 1 | 1 | ||
| Type of practice | ||||
| Nonclinical emphasis | 1.27 (1.15, 1.41) | < .001 | 1.23 (1.11, 1.37) | < .001 |
| Clinical emphasis | 1 | |||
| Educational debth | ||||
| ≤ $49,999 | 1 | 1 | ||
| $50,000–199,999 | 1.33 (1.23, 1.46) | < .001 | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) | .26 |
| ≥ $200,000 | 1.61 (1.47, 1.77) | < .001 | 1.1 (0.99, 1.21) | .07 |
| Consumer debti | ||||
| ≤ $9,999 | 1 | 1 | ||
| $10,000–19,999 | 1.07 (0.96, 1.18) | .22 | 1.02 (0.91, 1.13) | .74 |
| ≥ $20,000 | 1.16 (1.02, 1.31) | < .05 | 1.12 (0.98, 1.27) | .09 |
| Dual advanced degree (e.g., MD–PhD, MD–MPH) | 0.83 (0.73, 0.95) | < .01 | 0.79 (0.69, 0.91) | < .001 |
| Intention to enter loan forgiveness programs | 2.44 (2.26, 2.63) | < .001 | ||
Abbreviations: AAMC indicates Association of American Medical Colleges; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; URM, underrepresented minority; MPH, master of public health.
IWUP was defined as a “yes” response to the item “Do you plan to locate your practice in an underserved area?” and/or to the question “Regardless of location, do you plan to care primarily for an underserved population?”
Hosmer-Lemeshow Test: Model 1 chi-squared = 0.0626; Model 2 chi-squared = 0.1145
The n in this column heading refers to sample size in this model.
URM was defined as self-identification as African American, Mexican American, mainland Puerto Rican, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, Cuban, Commonwealth Puerto Rican, other Hispanic/Latino, Vietnamese, Filipino, and other Southeast Asian.
Other minority was defined as self-identification as other Asian, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Indian/Pakistani, Asian Indian, and Pakistani.
Primary care career was defined as family medicine, general internal medicine, general pediatrics, and internal medicine/pediatrics.
Specialty career was defined as any non-primary care specialty (e.g., neurology, radiology, surgery, etc.).
Educational debt includes both undergraduate and medical school loan debt.
Consumer debt does not include mortgage debt.