Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Aug 23;181:169–182. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.011

Table 1.

Human Toll like receptors, cellular localization, and ligands.

TLR Cellular localization Pathway Endogenous ligands Synthetic ligands
TLR1-2 Surface MyD88 Not Known Pam3CSK4
TLR2 Surface MyD88 Not Known MALP-2, Pam2Cys, FSL-1, Hib-OMPC, CFA
TLR3 Endosome TRIF Not Known Poly I:C, poly A:U
TLR4 Surface or endosome MyD88 or TRIF Hsp60, Hsp70, fibronectin domain A, surfactant protein A, hyaluronan, HMGB-1 AGP, MPL A, RC-529, MDF2β, CFA
TLR5 Surface MyD88 Not known Flagellin
TLR2-6 Surface MyD88 Not Known MALP-2
Pam2Cys, FSL-1
TLR7 Endosome MyD88 Human RNA Guanosine analogs, imidazoquinolines
TLR8 Endosome MyD88 Human RNA Imidazoquinolines, Loxoribine, ssPolyU 3M-012
TLR9 Endosome MyD88 Human DNA/chromatin CpG-oligonucleotides
TLR10 Not Known Not Known Not Known Not Known