Microbial production of organic acids
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167779907003228
This review article provides a good overview of the numerous organic acid products that can be made by microbial fermentations and the expanding markets for those products.
Lactic acid fermentation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acid_fermentation
The Wikipedia page describes the lactic acid fermentation, important for foods and for the production of lactic acid for making polymers.
Polylactic acid review
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1687850714000314
This review covers the production of lactic acid by fermentation and its recovery from fermentation broths.
Polylactic acid: Hitachi
http://www.hitachi.com/businesses/infrastructure/product_site/ip/process/pla.html
This page highlights the polymerization process for lactic acid polymerization. Lactic acid is shown to derive from sugar derived from corn or sugar beets.
NatureWorks
https://www.natureworksllc.com
NatureWorks is a company making polylactic acid from lactic acid that has been produced by a microbial fermentation process.
Microbial succinic acid production
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-45209-7_7
Succinic acid is emerging as an important bio‐product, due to its value in the food industry and also for the chemical industry as a potential replacement for the current maleic anhydride C4 platform chemistry.
Succinic acid biorefinery
https://www1.eere.energy.gov/bioenergy/pdfs/ibr_arra_myriant.pdf
This page describes a biorefinery for producing bio‐succinic acid, located in the Port of Lake Providence, Louisiana, USA. The production capacity is 30 million pounds annually.
Biochemistry of itaconic acid production
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3572532/
This paper deals with metabolic reactions producing itaconic acid. Major microbial produces are Aspergillus species.
Fermentative itaconic acid production
This review covers itaconic acid, a platform chemical that is important in textile and pharmaceutical industries.
Malolactic fermentation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malolactic_fermentation
The malolactic acid fermentation is most important in the wine industry. During the process, the tart‐flavoured malic acid is transformed into the softer‐tasting product, lactic acid.
Microbial production of citric acid
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89131999000300001
This review article is on citric acid production. Citric acid is the largest organic acid fermentation product, and it is produced mainly by Aspergillus niger and Candida sp.
Citric acid in biotechnology
https://ccj.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13065-017-0251-y
This review article brings out the important point that citric acid is produced in 4 billion ton quantities by biomass fermentation processes.
Citric acid producer Aspergillus genome
https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Aspni5/Aspni5.home.html
This is the genome portal page for a major citric acid producing microorganism, Aspergillus niger.
Acetic acid fermentation
https://www.omicsonline.org/scholarly/acetic-acid-fermentation-journals-articles-ppts-list.php
This page on fermentation technology is focused on acetic acid fermentation. Some relevant links are provided to articles and conference proceedings.
Microbial propionic acid production
http://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/3/2/21
Propionic acid is produced through microbial fermentation. It has applications in the manufacture of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
Alpha‐linolenic acid production
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/alpha-linolenic-acid
Alpha‐linoleic acid is considered an essential fatty acid for humans; and so, it is sought after by the food industry.
Gamma‐linolenic acid production
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369703X16302789
Gamma‐linolenic acid is valued for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. The present paper discusses its production using the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica.
Microbial Biotechnology (2018) 11(1), 268–269