Figure 2.

Nanostructured surfaces for CTC enrichment. (A) 3D silicon nanopillar (SiNP) substrates showing significantly enhanced cell binding affinity in contrast to flat substrates. (B) Horizontally packed TiO₂ nanofibers (TiNFs) for improved CTC capture by combining anti-EpCAM antibody and cancer cell-preferred nanoscale topography. SEM image of a target cell captured on TiNF substrate (right), with fully outspread pseudopod attached to the surface of the TiNF. (C) Aptamer-functionalized barcode particles for CTC isolation. Dendrimer is decorated on the surface of the barcode particles for enhanced CTC capture. (D) Cancer cells prefer to adhere to ion-etched glass surfaces. Insets are zoom-in (left) and SEM (right) images of cancer cells captured on nanorough glass surfaces. (A) Copyright Wiley, 2009. Reproduced with permission from reference ⁶⁶; (B) Copyright Wiley, 2012. Reproduced with permission from reference ⁶⁷; (C) Copyright Wiley, 2014. Reproduced with permission from reference ⁶⁸; (D) Copyright American Chemical Society, 2012. Reproduced with permission from reference ²⁹.