Table 1.

Roles of ARs, P2XRs and P2YRs in mast cell degranulation, bronchoconstriction and airway mucus secretion.

Receptor	Mast cell degranulation	Bronchial contraction	Tracheal mucus secretion	Reference
A1	ND	+	+	McNamara et al., 2004; Ponnoth et al., 2010
A2A	ND (-)	ND	-	Rollins et al., 2008
A2B	-	-	-	Breschi et al., 2007; Hua et al., 2007, 2013b; Yip et al., 2011;
A3	+	+	+	Young et al., 2006; Gomez et al., 2011
P2Y2	ND	ND	+	Kellerman, 2002; Donnelly and Rogers, 2003
P2Y13	+	ND	ND	Gao et al., 2010a
P2Y14	+	ND	ND	Gao et al., 2010b; Gao et al., 2013
P2X4	+	+	+	Nagaoka et al., 2009; Chen et al., 2016; Yoshida et al., 2017
P2X7	+	ND	ND	Wareham and Seward, 2016; Yoshida et al., 2017

+, induce; -, inhibit. ND, not clearly demonstrated (see complete reference list for more information). ATP can induce mast cell degranulation, mucus secretion, and bronchoconstriction, which are reported in many publications, but the roles of specific receptor subtypes involved have not been unambiguously demonstrated so far except for P2X4 and P2X7. The specific roles of P2Y₁, P2Y₂, P2Y₄, P2Y₆, P2Y₁₁, P2Y₁₂, P2X1, P2X2, P2X3, P2X5, and P2X6 receptors in degranulation have not yet been unambiguously demonstrated in mast cells, although many of them are involved in some other mast cell functions and functions of many other types of immune and non-immune cells.