Table 1.

Model results for meta-analysis of Pearson’s correlations of birds and Zostera, transformed by Fisher’s r-to-Z transformation.

	Estimate	SE	Z-value	p-value	Lower confidence interval	Upper confidence interval
Intercept	-0.48	0.32	-1.49	0.14	-1.12	0.15
Zostera CV	1.32	0.43	3.06	0.002∗∗	0.47	2.17
Large or small scale	0.45	0.27	1.67	0.095	-0.079	0.99

A multilevel meta-analysis was applied to account for studies in which several bird species were counted. Zostera CV represents the coefficient of variation in the abundance of Zostera across samples. Small scale studies occurred within bays or within years and generally examined behavioral responses of birds to Zostera, whereas large scale studies spanned bays or years and assessed birds by seasonal use-days or by peak counts.