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. 2017 Dec 22;7:519. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00519

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Copyright © 2017 Grabowski and Hill.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic depicting the concept of the “systems biology” of a tick bite. Each tick bite (A) comprises a unique combination of host-derived factors, tick salivary proteins and the microbial flora delivered to the feeding site (B), thus underpinning the need for “personalized” approaches to pathogen detection and treatment. (A) reproduced from Figure 1 of Gulia-Nuss et al. (2016) and reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd. ©copyright 2016.