TABLE 2.
Factors and their association with sputum pneumococcal loads among CAP cases assayed by lytA qPCR
| Factor | Yes |
No |
P valueb | P valuec | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | No. (%) lytA qPCR positive | Mean log10 GE/ml ± SDa | n | No. (%) lytA qPCR positive | Mean log10 GE/ml ± SDa | |||
| Male | 121 | 31 (26) | 6.50 ± 1.25 | 103 | 19 (18) | 7.13 ± 0.59 | 0.20 | 0.02 |
| Current smoker | 27 | 8 (30) | 6.69 ± 1.33 | 185 | 38 (21) | 6.70 ± 1.08 | 0.28 | 0.98 |
| HQ sputumd | 169 | 40 (24) | 6.86 ± 0.98 | 53 | 9 (17) | 6.13 ± 1.40 | 0.31 | 0.17 |
| Encapsulated pneumococci cultured from sputum | 40 | 37 (93) | 7.22 ± 0.57 | 184 | 13 (7) | 5.38 ± 1.07 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Influenza A virus-positive sputum PCR and/or serology | 7 | 2 (29) | 6.24 ± 0.62 | 96 | 21 (22) | 6.80 ± 1.09 | 0.65 | 0.49 |
| Influenza B virus-positive sputum PCR and/or serology | 0 | NA | NA | 101 | 23 (23) | 6.75 ± 1.06 | NA | NA |
| RSV-positive sputum PCR and/or serology | 14 | 4 (29) | 7.59 ± 0.26 | 88 | 19 (22) | 6.58 ± 1.09 | 0.51 | 0.002 |
| PIV1, -2, or -3-positive sputum PCR | 7 | 4 (57) | 7.27 ± 0.64 | 104 | 21 (20) | 6.69 ± 1.07 | 0.04 | 0.31 |
| Any viruse | 28 | 10 (36) | 7.19 ± 0.69 | 76 | 13 (17) | 6.42 ± 1.20 | 0.04 | 0.07 |
| Antibiotic use at visit only | 41 | 13 (32) | 5.75 ± 1.21 | 138f | 34 (25) | 7.06 ± 0.82 | 0.37 | 0.002 |
| Antibiotic use within 2 wk before visit | 39 | 3 (8) | 7.47 ± 0.07 | 138f | 34 (25) | 7.06 ± 0.82 | 0.03 | 0.40 |
| Hospitalization | 184 | 38 (21) | 6.72 ± 1.15 | 40 | 12 (30) | 6.81 ± 0.90 | 0.20 | 0.81 |
| CURB-65 score of 3, 4, or 5g | 50 | 12 (24) | 6.92 ± 0.78 | 167 | 37 (22) | 6.66 ± 1.18 | 0.78 | 0.47 |
Only qPCR-positive cases included.
Proportions of lytA qPCR-positive samples compared with the Pearson chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Statistically significant values are in boldface.
Genomic loads compared with the Student t test. Statistically significant values are in boldface.
More than one leukocyte per epithelial cell.
Positive sputum PCR for PIV1, -2, or -3 or positive sputum PCR or serology for influenza A virus, influenza B virus, or RSV.
No use of antibiotics at visit or within 2 weeks before visit.
CURB-65: confusion, urea concentration of >7 mmol/liter, respiratory rate of ≥30/min, low blood pressure (systolic <90 mm Hg or diastolic ≤60 mm Hg), age of ≥65 years (15).