FIG 3.
Phylogeny of contemporary S. aureus isolates and gain and loss of methicillin resistance at the strain level. (A) Unrooted maximum likelihood phylogeny of 180 S. aureus isolates obtained between 1 January 2016 and 22 July 2016. Select clonal complexes are identified in red circles. (B) Inference of ancestral presence or absence of methicillin resistance in sequence type 5 (CC5) and sequence type 8 (CC8) phylogenies (shown here as dendrograms) estimated using parsimony. Inner rings represent penicillin susceptibility, and outer rings represent methicillin susceptibility. Orange circles represent acquisition of methicillin resistance, and magenta circles represent loss of methicillin resistance. Branch lengths are intended to maximize visual clarity and are not proportional to genetic distance. CC, clonal complex.